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< p > 研一的时候参加了第一届datacon， ， ， ， ， ， < br > 我之前没做过数据分析也没接触过邮件安全，借这次赛题好好的补了一课，第一题是识别发件人伪造，第二题是垃圾邮件分类，第三题是识别威胁邮件，全部是真实数据，难度层层递进。< / p >
< h2 id = "赛题理解" > < a href = "#赛题理解" class = "headerlink" title = "赛题理解" > < / a > 赛题理解< / h2 > < h3 id = "目标" > < a href = "#目标" class = "headerlink" title = "目标" > < / a > 目标< / h3 > < blockquote >
< p > 在真实的企业网络环境中，一些攻击者总能想方设法绕过邮件检测引擎，使攻击邮件抵达员工的收件箱，最终达到窃取用户登录凭证等目的。与此同时，企业网络安全管理团队的精力十分有限，不可能实现对企业的全部邮件进行逐一审查。< / p >
< / blockquote >
< blockquote >
< p > 如果你是一家企业的邮件安全负责人，能否基于数据分析，利用长达三个月的企业邮件服务器日志摘要信息，设计检测模型，输出一批威胁程度较高的邮件，以便于后续的人工审查。请注意：检测模型不允许使用第三方威胁情报，检测系统必须能够离线运行。< / p >
< / blockquote >
< p > 从赛题说明中，我们可以提取出几个关键词：邮件、窃取用户凭证、威胁程度、离线运行，最终目的是从邮件通信日志中筛选出钓鱼邮件（窃取用户登录凭证）。< / p >
< h3 id = "数据" > < a href = "#数据" class = "headerlink" title = "数据" > < / a > 数据< / h3 > < blockquote >
< p > 约80万封邮件通信日志， < / p >
< / blockquote >
< blockquote >
< p > 提示： ， < / p >
< / blockquote >
< p > 主办方给了威胁邮件的大致数量范围， ， ， ， < / p >
< figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > * rcpt： > [salt+hash]@[salt+hash替换掉敏感域名， < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > * sender： > 同上< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > * ip： > 经过映射处理， ， < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > * fromname： > 对于白名单关键词（ ， ， ， ） < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > * url： > [真实协议]://hash+salt替换掉敏感域名.真实TLD/真实参数< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > * @timestamp： < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > * region： < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > * authuser： ， ， < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > * tag： ， < / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< h3 id = "提交规则" > < a href = "#提交规则" class = "headerlink" title = "提交规则" > < / a > 提交规则< / h3 > < p > 主办方给的方法很简单， ， ， < code > \n< / code > < / p >
< h3 id = "评分" > < a href = "#评分" class = "headerlink" title = "评分" > < / a > 评分< / h3 > < blockquote >
< p > 比赛过程中排行榜展示每位选手的F1-score， ， ， < code > min-max归一化*100< / code > 计算得出， （ ） < / p >
< / blockquote >
< p > 最终得分不仅取决于自己的F1-score， ， ， < / p >
< h2 id = "解题思路" > < a href = "#解题思路" class = "headerlink" title = "解题思路" > < / a > 解题思路< / h2 > < p > 在初步浏览了一些邮件日志内容后，我们将目标锁定为寻找钓鱼邮件的数量。首先需要知道钓鱼邮件是什么，具备哪些特征。< / p >
< h3 id = "1-使用短链接" > < a href = "#1-使用短链接" class = "headerlink" title = "1. 使用短链接" > < / a > 1. 使用短链接< / h3 > < p > 短链接就是将较长的网址，通过特定的算法转换为简短的网址字符串。用户无法通过短链接地址直接看出点击这个短链接地址后究竟会打开什么样的网站。< br > 常见的有：< code > t.cn< / code > 、 < code > bit.ly< / code > 、 < code > bit.do< / code > 、 < code > u.to< / code > 、 < code > url.cn< / code > < / p >
< h3 id = "2-使用十六进制IP地址编码格式进行混淆" > < a href = "#2-使用十六进制IP地址编码格式进行混淆" class = "headerlink" title = "2. 使用十六进制IP地址编码格式进行混淆" > < / a > 2. 使用十六进制IP地址编码格式进行混淆< / h3 > < p > 网络攻击者正在不断发展其工具、策略和技术，以逃避垃圾邮件检测系统。 一些垃圾邮件活动非常依赖电子邮件信息中的混淆URL。其中就有使用了URL主机名部分中使用的十六进制IP地址编码格式来逃避检测。< br > 从技术上讲， ， ， ： < / p >
< ul >
< li > < strong > < a href = "https://216.58.199.78" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://216.58.199.78< / a > < / strong > < br > 点分十进制IP地址， < / li >
< li > < strong > < a href = "https://0330.0072.0307.0116" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://0330.0072.0307.0116< / a > < / strong > < br > 八进制IP地址， < / li >
< li > < strong > < a href = "https://0xD83AC74E" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://0xD83AC74E< / a > < / strong > < br > 十六进制IP地址， < / li >
< li > < strong > < a href = "https://3627730766" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://3627730766< / a > < / strong > < br > 整数或DWORD IP地址， < / li >
< / ul >
< p > 浏览器将自动将十六进制或其他IP格式转换为十进制的IP地址。< / p >
< h3 id = "3-邮件钓鱼测试工具固有特征" > < a href = "#3-邮件钓鱼测试工具固有特征" class = "headerlink" title = "3. 邮件钓鱼测试工具固有特征" > < / a > 3. 邮件钓鱼测试工具固有特征< / h3 > < p > PhEmail是基于python编写的一款网络钓鱼邮件测试工具。PhEmail可以同时向多个用户发送钓鱼邮件， ， < br > 收集邮箱后钓鱼邮件发送常用参数：< code > -w 钓鱼网站url地址， < / code > < br > 钓鱼邮件中的url链接伪造时添加email地址并进行编码， < / p >
< h3 id = "4-冒充管理员等身份" > < a href = "#4-冒充管理员等身份" class = "headerlink" title = "4. 冒充管理员等身份" > < / a > 4. 冒充管理员等身份< / h3 > < p > 对于企业用户来说， ， ， < br > 钓鱼邮件经常伪装的发件人身份有以下几个主要类型：< / p >
< ul >
< li > 冒充系统管理员，以系统升级、身份验证等为由，通过钓鱼网站等方式骗取企业员工的内网帐号密码或邮箱帐号密码。< / li >
< li > 冒充特定组织，如协会、机构、会议组织者或政府主管部门等身份发送邮件，骗取帐号密码或钱财。< / li >
< li > 冒充客户或冒充自己，即攻击者会冒充企业客户或合作方对企业实施诈骗，或者是攻击者冒充某企业员工对该企业的客户或合作方实施诈骗。当然也有可能 是冒充某个企业的管理者对企业员工实施诈骗。< / li >
< / ul >
< p > 从fromname（ ） ： < / p >
< h3 id = "5-同形异义词攻击" > < a href = "#5-同形异义词攻击" class = "headerlink" title = "5. 同形异义词攻击" > < / a > 5. 同形异义词攻击< / h3 > < p > 同形异义字是利用IDN中一些非拉丁字符语种的字母与拉丁字符非常相似， ， ， ， < br > Punycode是RFC 3492标准设计的编码系统， ， < strong > xn– < / strong > ， < / p >
< h3 id = "6-URL跳转" > < a href = "#6-URL跳转" class = "headerlink" title = "6. URL跳转" > < / a > 6. URL跳转< / h3 > < p > 使用URL跳转可以突破钓鱼软件检测系统。这类钓鱼软件检测系统在检测是否是钓鱼网站或者恶意系统的时候， ， ， ， ， ， ， ， < br > 这样攻击者就可以利用URLt跳转来躲过恶意检测。比如： < strong > < a href = "http://www.baidu.com/page?url=http://www.evil.com" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > http://www.baidu.com/page?url=http://www.evil.com< / a > < / strong > < / p >
< h2 id = "参考" > < a href = "#参考" class = "headerlink" title = "参考" > < / a > 参考< / h2 > < p > 2016中国企业邮箱安全性研究报告 < a href = "https://www.anquanke.com/post/id/85416" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://www.anquanke.com/post/id/85416< / a > < br > PhEmail < a href = "https://github.com/Dionach/PhEmail" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://github.com/Dionach/PhEmail< / a > < br > 微软： < a href = "https://www.4hou.com/posts/A9oz" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://www.4hou.com/posts/A9oz< / a > < br > [译] APT分析报告： < a href = "https://blog.csdn.net/Eastmount/article/details/108728139" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://blog.csdn.net/Eastmount/article/details/108728139< / a > < br > 2017中国企业邮箱安全性 研究报告 < a href = "http://zt.360.cn/1101061855.php?dtid=1101062514&did=491163339" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > http://zt.360.cn/1101061855.php?dtid=1101062514& did=491163339< / a > < br > 基于URL跳转与XSS组合利用的钓鱼分析 < a href = "https://xz.aliyun.com/t/6303" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://xz.aliyun.com/t/6303< / a > < br > IDN Spoof漏洞自动化挖掘 < a href = "https://blog.lyle.ac.cn/2018/12/08/idnfuzz/" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://blog.lyle.ac.cn/2018/12/08/idnfuzz/< / a > < br > APT杂项篇一种老旧， （ < a href = "https://www.codenong.com/cs106406317/" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://www.codenong.com/cs106406317/< / a > < br > 钓鱼网站也在使用https加密， ？ < a href = "https://www.freebuf.com/company-information/208790.html" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://www.freebuf.com/company-information/208790.html< / a > < br > 恶意邮件智能监测与溯源技术研究 < a href = "https://www.anquanke.com/post/id/172046#h2-0" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://www.anquanke.com/post/id/172046#h2-0< / a > < br > 钓鱼邮件的投递和伪造 < a href = "https://xz.aliyun.com/t/6325#toc-0、" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://xz.aliyun.com/t/6325#toc-0、< / a > < br > 用机器学习检测钓鱼网站 < a href = "http://blog.hubwiz.com/2019/09/17/detect-phishing-url/" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > http://blog.hubwiz.com/2019/09/17/detect-phishing-url/< / a > < / p >
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