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还记得固件仿真吗？
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< p > ARMX作者说， < br > 一种方法是转储包含nvram数据的mtdblock， < br > 另一种方法是， （ ） ， ， < br > < a href = "https://github.com/therealsaumil/armx/issues/4" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://github.com/therealsaumil/armx/issues/4< / a > < / p >
< p > 知道创宇的研究人员说， ， （ ） < / p >
< p > 我需要无需硬件自动化的处理大批设备的nvram配置， ’ < / p >
< ul >
< li > upnp等二进制程序通过nvram_match来匹配nvram变量与预期值< / li >
< li > libnvram在data段存储了设备的默认nvram配置， < strong > 数据段< / strong > （ ） < a href = "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > 程序< / a > 中已< a href = "https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%94%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%BA0&action=edit&redlink=1" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > 初始化且不为0< / a > 的< a href = "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%B1%80%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > 全局变量< / a > 的一块内存区域。数据段属于< a href = "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%99%E6%80%81%E5%86%85%E5%AD%98%E5%88%86%E9%85%8D" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > 静态内存分配< / a > 。< / li >
< / ul >
< p > 于是根据这两个事实做了两个实验：< / p >
< h2 id = "match函数" > < a href = "#match函数" class = "headerlink" title = "match函数" > < / a > match函数< / h2 > < p > 该函数的逻辑如下， ， ， ， ， < / p >
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< figure class = "highlight c" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > const< / span > < span class = "keyword" > char< / span > *__< span class = "function" > fastcall < span class = "title" > acosNvramConfig_match< / span > < span class = "params" > (< span class = "keyword" > int< / span > a1, < span class = "keyword" > const< / span > < span class = "keyword" > char< / span > *a2)< / span > < / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "function" > < / span > { < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > const< / span > < span class = "keyword" > char< / span > *v2; < span class = "comment" > // r4< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > const< / span > < span class = "keyword" > char< / span > *result; < span class = "comment" > // r0< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > int< / span > v4; < span class = "comment" > // [sp+0h] [bp-1008h]< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > v2 = a2;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > result = (< span class = "keyword" > const< / span > < span class = "keyword" > char< / span > *)j_nvram_get(a1, & v4, < span class = "number" > 4096< / span > );< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > if< / span > ( result )< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > result = (< span class = "keyword" > const< / span > < span class = "keyword" > char< / span > *)(< span class = "built_in" > strcmp< / span > (result, v2) == < span class = "number" > 0< / span > );< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > return< / span > result;< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > } < / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
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< p > 在upnp二进制程序汇编代码中， < br > < img src = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1610094619/nvram/image_24.png" alt > < br > 我做出了一个假设： ， ： < / p >
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< figure class = "highlight" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 15< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 16< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 17< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 18< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 19< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 20< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 21< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 22< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 23< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 24< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 25< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 26< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 27< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 28< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 29< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > def GetAddr(func_name):< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > func_list = Functions()< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > for< / span > func in func_list:< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > name = GetFunctionName(func)< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > if< / span > func_name == name:< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > print(name,hex(func))< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > func_addr=func< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > return< / span > func_addr< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > func_addr = GetAddr('acosNvramConfig_match')< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > #func_addr=< span class = "number" > 0xa3d4< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > for< / span > x in XrefsTo(func_addr,flags=< span class = "number" > 0< / span > ):< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > print < span class = "string" > "XrefsTo nvram-match func addr: %s"< / span > %hex(x.frm)< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > match_addr = x.frm< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > val_addr = PrevHead(match_addr)< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > key_addr = PrevHead(val_addr)< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > if GetMnem(key_addr) == 'LDR':< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > instr = GetDisasm(prevaddr)< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > #print('LDR instruction: %s'%instr)< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > addr = GetOperandValue(key_addr,< span class = "number" > 1< / span > )< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > key = GetString(Dword(addr))< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > print('nvram key: %s'%key)< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > if GetMnem(val_addr) == 'LDR':< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > instr = GetDisasm(prevaddr)< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > #print('LDR instruction: %s'%instr)< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > addr = GetOperandValue(val_addr,< span class = "number" > 1< / span > )< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > val = GetString(Dword(addr))< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > print('nvram value: %s'%val)< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
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< ol >
< li > GetAddr(func_name) 根据函数名获得地址， ’ ’ ； < / li >
< li > 找到所有引用过该函数的地址， ， < / li >
< li > value是调用match函数的前一条指令； ； < / li >
< li > 使用GetOperandValue() 这个指令得到第二个操作数的值。注意该值存放的是“存放字符串地址”的地址< / li >
< li > 使用Dword(addr)获取“存放字符串地址”， < / li >
< / ol >
< p > 粘贴部分结果，有大量的重复，还有许多键值不存在，假设不成立。< / p >
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< figure class = "highlight shell" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 15< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 16< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 17< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 18< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 19< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > ('acosNvramConfig_match', '0xa3d4L')< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > XrefsTo nvram-match func addr: 0xc940L< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > nvram key: qos_bw_set_sel< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > nvram value: 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > XrefsTo nvram-match func addr: 0xc9b4L< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > nvram key: qos_bw_enable< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > nvram value: 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > XrefsTo nvram-match func addr: 0xfbd0L< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > nvram key: wlg_band< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > nvram value: 2.4G< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > XrefsTo nvram-match func addr: 0xfc84L< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > nvram value: 5G< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > XrefsTo nvram-match func addr: 0xff70L< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > nvram key: wlg_band< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > nvram value: 2.4G< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > nvram value: static< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > XrefsTo nvram-match func addr: 0x13d2cL< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > nvram key: board_id< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > nvram value: U12H127T00_NETGEAR< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
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< h2 id = "NVRAM默认配置" > < a href = "#NVRAM默认配置" class = "headerlink" title = "NVRAM默认配置" > < / a > NVRAM默认配置< / h2 > < p > 如上所述， < br > < img src = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1610094620/nvram/image_23.png" alt > < br > 利用IDApython获取该区域存放的键值， ： ， ， < / p >
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< figure class = "highlight python" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > import< / span > idautils< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > for< / span > seg < span class = "keyword" > in< / span > idautils.Segments():< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > if< / span > SegName(seg) == < span class = "string" > '.data'< / span > :< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > start = idc.SegStart(seg)< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > end = idc.SegEnd(seg)< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > print< / span > idc.SegName(seg),start,end< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > while< / span > (start!=end):< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > key = GetString(Dword(start))< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > if< / span > key != < span class = "literal" > None< / span > < span class = "keyword" > and< / span > key != < span class = "string" > '0'< / span > :< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > start += < span class = "number" > 4< / span > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > val = GetString(Dword(start))< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < span class = "keyword" > if< / span > < span class = "string" > 'upnp'< / span > < span class = "keyword" > in< / span > key:< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > print(< span class = "string" > '%s=%s'< / span > %(key,val))< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > start += < span class = "number" > 4< / span > < / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
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< p > 这里我们只关注有upnp特征的键值对< / p >
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< figure class = "highlight shell" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > .data [77868 94004](tel:7786894004)< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > upnp_enable=1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > upnp_turn_on=1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > upnp_advert_period=30< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > upnp_advert_ttl=4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > upnp_portmap_entry=0< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > upnp_duration=3600< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > upnp_DHCPServerConfigurable=1< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
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< p > 另外再补充几个与网络有关的配置< / p >
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< figure class = "highlight shell" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > friendly_name=Netgear< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > lan_hwaddr=AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > lan_ipaddr=192.168.2.2< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
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< p > 使用这个配置成功仿真~< / p >
< h2 id = "一些IDApython使用方法" > < a href = "#一些IDApython使用方法" class = "headerlink" title = "一些IDApython使用方法" > < / a > 一些IDApython使用方法< / h2 > < p > 蒸米写的：< a href = "https://wooyun.js.org/drops/IDAPython%20%E8%AE%A9%E4%BD%A0%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E6%9B%B4%E6%BB%8B%E6%B6%A6%20part1%20and%20part2.html" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://wooyun.js.org/drops/IDAPython%20%E8%AE%A9%E4%BD%A0%E7%9A%84%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E6%9B%B4%E6%BB%8B%E6%B6%A6%20part1%20and%20part2.html< / a > < br > < a href = "https://cartermgj.github.io/2017/10/10/ida-python/" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://cartermgj.github.io/2017/10/10/ida-python/< / a > < br > < a href = "https://gitee.com/it-ebooks/it-ebooks-2018-04to07/raw/master/IDAPython%20%E5%88%9D%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97.pdf" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://gitee.com/it-ebooks/it-ebooks-2018-04to07/raw/master/IDAPython%20%E5%88%9D%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97.pdf< / a > < br > < a href = "https://www.0xaa55.com/thread-1586-1-1.html" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://www.0xaa55.com/thread-1586-1-1.html< / a > < br > < a href = "https://wizardforcel.gitbooks.io/grey-hat-python/content/43.html" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://wizardforcel.gitbooks.io/grey-hat-python/content/43.html< / a > < / p >
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});
query.containedIn('url', entries);
query.find()
.done(function (results) {
var COUNT_CONTAINER_REF = '.leancloud-visitors-count';
if (results.length === 0) {
$visitors.find(COUNT_CONTAINER_REF).text(0);
return;
}
for (var i = 0; i < results.length ; i + + ) {
var item = results[i];
var url = item.get('url');
var time = item.get('time');
var element = document.getElementById(url);
$(element).find(COUNT_CONTAINER_REF).text(time);
}
for(var i = 0; i < entries.length ; i + + ) {
var url = entries[i];
var element = document.getElementById(url);
var countSpan = $(element).find(COUNT_CONTAINER_REF);
if( countSpan.text() == '') {
countSpan.text(0);
}
}
})
.fail(function (object, error) {
console.log("Error: " + error.code + " " + error.message);
});
}
function addCount(Counter) {
var $visitors = $(".leancloud_visitors");
var url = $visitors.attr('id').trim();
var title = $visitors.attr('data-flag-title').trim();
var query = new AV.Query(Counter);
query.equalTo("url", url);
query.find({
success: function(results) {
if (results.length > 0) {
var counter = results[0];
counter.fetchWhenSave(true);
counter.increment("time");
counter.save(null, {
success: function(counter) {
var $element = $(document.getElementById(url));
$element.find('.leancloud-visitors-count').text(counter.get('time'));
},
error: function(counter, error) {
console.log('Failed to save Visitor num, with error message: ' + error.message);
}
});
} else {
var newcounter = new Counter();
/* Set ACL */
var acl = new AV.ACL();
acl.setPublicReadAccess(true);
acl.setPublicWriteAccess(true);
newcounter.setACL(acl);
/* End Set ACL */
newcounter.set("title", title);
newcounter.set("url", url);
newcounter.set("time", 1);
newcounter.save(null, {
success: function(newcounter) {
var $element = $(document.getElementById(url));
$element.find('.leancloud-visitors-count').text(newcounter.get('time'));
},
error: function(newcounter, error) {
console.log('Failed to create');
}
});
}
},
error: function(error) {
console.log('Error:' + error.code + " " + error.message);
}
});
}
$(function() {
var Counter = AV.Object.extend("Counter");
if ($('.leancloud_visitors').length == 1) {
addCount(Counter);
} else if ($('.post-title-link').length > 1) {
showTime(Counter);
}
});
< / script >
< script >
(function(){
var bp = document.createElement('script');
var curProtocol = window.location.protocol.split(':')[0];
if (curProtocol === 'https') {
bp.src = 'https://zz.bdstatic.com/linksubmit/push.js';
}
else {
bp.src = 'http://push.zhanzhang.baidu.com/push.js';
}
var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
s.parentNode.insertBefore(bp, s);
})();
< / script >
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< link rel = "stylesheet" href = "/lib/needsharebutton/needsharebutton.css" >
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< script src = "/lib/needsharebutton/needsharebutton.js" > < / script >
< script >
pbOptions = {};
pbOptions.iconStyle = "box";
pbOptions.boxForm = "horizontal";
pbOptions.position = "bottomCenter";
pbOptions.networks = "Weibo,Wechat,Douban,QQZone,Twitter,Facebook";
new needShareButton('#needsharebutton-postbottom', pbOptions);
flOptions = {};
flOptions.iconStyle = "box";
flOptions.boxForm = "horizontal";
flOptions.position = "middleRight";
flOptions.networks = "Weibo,Wechat,Douban,QQZone,Twitter,Facebook";
new needShareButton('#needsharebutton-float', flOptions);
< / script >
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< script type = "text/javascript" src = "/js/src/js.cookie.js?v=5.1.4" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "/js/src/scroll-cookie.js?v=5.1.4" > < / script >
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< / body >
< / html >
