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<h1 id="海豚音攻击-复现"><a href="#海豚音攻击-复现" class="headerlink" title="海豚音攻击-复现"></a>海豚音攻击-复现</h1><p>文章中提到两种方案，一是具有信号发生器的强大变送器，二是带有智能手机的便携式变送器；前一种方案成本过于高，本文不做分析，后一种方案的实现成本在我们可接收的范围。<br>但原文中对后一方案的实现没有太多介绍，于是我通过邮件咨询了作者-闫琛博士，闫博士非常友好，我是在晚上十点发送的第一封邮件，差不多在十分钟内通过几封邮件的交流，解决了我的问题，很快确定了我的具体实现路径，非常感谢大佬！</p>
<ul>
<li>Q: 使用便携式设备攻击的时候，三星Galaxy S6 Edge发送的高频声音信号是怎么生成的呢？是预先使用专业设备调制好的信号保存为mp3吗？</li>
<li>A: 通过软件调制，生成.wav的超声波音频文件，再通过三星手机播放的。</li>
<li>Q: 用的是什么软件进行调制?</li>
<li>A: 用过matlab和python，都是可以的</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="0x01-语音命令生成"><a href="#0x01-语音命令生成" class="headerlink" title="0x01 语音命令生成"></a>0x01 语音命令生成</h2><p><a href="https://ttstool.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://ttstool.com/</a><br>微软的TTS接口生成的是mp3格式音频，一般来说我们使用python处理音频都是针对wav格式。<br><a href="https://www.aconvert.com/cn/audio/mp3-to-wav/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.aconvert.com/cn/audio/mp3-to-wav/</a><br>我们可以通过这个网站对格式做转换。<br><a href="https://coolyim.quip.com/-/blob/OVVAAAmjZcr/Eq9qXdQ7_eD5KQaR33wCCw?name=xiaoyi.wav" target="_blank" rel="noopener">xiaoyi.wav</a><br>这个网站的采样率最高只能达到96000hz<br><a href="https://coolyim.quip.com/-/blob/OVVAAAmjZcr/aZfltfEV_ZxV1LCGznB1OA?name=6wxmu-crusr.wav" target="_blank" rel="noopener">6wxmu-crusr.wav</a></p>
<h2 id="0x02-语音命令调制"><a href="#0x02-语音命令调制" class="headerlink" title="0x02 语音命令调制"></a>0x02 语音命令调制</h2><p>生成语音命令的基带信号后，我们需要在超声载波上对其进行调制，以使它们听不到。 为了利用麦克风的非线性，DolphinAttack必须利用幅度调制（AM）。</p>
<h3 id="AM调制原理"><a href="#AM调制原理" class="headerlink" title="AM调制原理"></a>AM调制原理</h3><p>使载波的振幅按照所需传送信号的变化规律而变化，但频率保持不变的调制方法。调幅在有线电或无线电通信和广播中应用甚广。调幅是高频载波的振幅随信号改变的调制（AM）。其中，载波信号的振幅随着调制信号的某种特征的变换而变化。例如，0或1分别对应于无载波或有载波输出，电视的图像信号使用调幅。调频的抗干扰能力强，失真小，但服务半径小。<br>假设载波uc(t)和调制信号的频率分别为ωc和Ω，在已调波中包含三个频率成分：ωc、ωc+Ω和ωc-Ω。ωc+Ω称为上边频，ωc-Ω称为下边频。</p>
<p><a href="https://epxx.co/artigos/ammodulation.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://epxx.co/artigos/ammodulation.html</a><br><a href="http://www.chenjianqu.com/show-44.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://www.chenjianqu.com/show-44.html</a><br><a href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/54561504" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/54561504</a><br><a href="http://www.mwhitelab.com/archives/208" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://www.mwhitelab.com/archives/208</a></p>
<h3 id="使用python调制"><a href="#使用python调制" class="headerlink" title="使用python调制"></a>使用python调制</h3><p>现在我们已经有了基带信号，使用<a href="https://www.fosshub.com/Audacity.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Audacity</a>对其进行频谱分析，此语音的带宽或频谱（左图为采样频率48khz音频，右图为96khz） ：<br><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1610082052/Dolphin%20Attack/08_YW7UW_PS_TOE_LZZY.png" alt><br><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1610082052/Dolphin%20Attack/WGD_U453KYP3M3_2639_5I.png" alt></p>
<p>我们可以看到带宽为8000-9000hz左右，这是女声，因此频带范围较宽。这可能导致可听范围内的频率泄露，但这里我们先不去讨论，之后再使用带宽较小的语音以创建基带语音信号。<br>wave包最多能读取的wav音频采样率为<a href="https://github.com/jiaaro/pydub/issues/134" target="_blank" rel="noopener">48khz</a>，当超过这个值时，wave就不再支持（wave.Error: unknown format: 65534）。但我们的载波频率为30khz左右，这就要求音频文件的采样率高于60khz才能保证不失真。所幸<a href="https://kite.com/python/docs/scipy.io.wavfile" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><code>scipy.io.wavfile</code></a>支持高于48khz的wav文件读取。<br>使用以下Python程序来生成调制的AM和AM-SC音频，AM是广播无线电调制的“正常”声音，它加上了载波；AM-SC则只是载波与原始信号的乘积。</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># coding=utf-8</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> numpy <span class="keyword">as</span> np</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> matplotlib.pyplot <span class="keyword">as</span> plt</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> os</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> wave</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> struct</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> math</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> pydub <span class="keyword">import</span> AudioSegment</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> scipy.io.wavfile</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">()</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line"> test = scipy.io.wavfile.read(<span class="string">"xiaoyi.wav"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> nframes = len(test[<span class="number">1</span>])</span><br><span class="line"> waveData = np.fromstring(test[<span class="number">1</span>],dtype=np.short)<span class="comment">#将原始字符数据转换为整数</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">#音频数据归一化</span></span><br><span class="line"> maxW = max(abs(waveData))</span><br><span class="line"> waveData = waveData * <span class="number">1.0</span>/maxW</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">#将音频信号规整乘每行一路通道信号的格式，即该矩阵一行为一个通道的采样点，共nchannels行</span></span><br><span class="line"> Tdata = np.reshape(waveData,[nframes,<span class="number">1</span>]).T <span class="comment"># .T 表示转置</span></span><br><span class="line"> am = wave.open(<span class="string">"am.wav"</span>, <span class="string">"w"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> amsc = wave.open(<span class="string">"amsc.wav"</span>, <span class="string">"w"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> carrier = wave.open(<span class="string">"carrier3000.wav"</span>, <span class="string">"w"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> f <span class="keyword">in</span> [am,amsc,carrier]:</span><br><span class="line"> f.setnchannels(<span class="number">1</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> f.setsampwidth(<span class="number">2</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> f.setframerate(<span class="number">96000</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> n <span class="keyword">in</span> range(<span class="number">0</span>, nframes):</s
<p>分别对am.wav、amsc.wav、carrier3000.wav做频谱分析<br>carrier3000.wav的频谱的为集中在载波频率30khz上的一个脉冲<a href="https://coolyim.quip.com/-/blob/OVVAAAmjZcr/9RE4Z0lCs1WACO75zLTAhA?name=carrier3000.wav" target="_blank" rel="noopener">carrier3000.wav</a><br><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1610082051/Dolphin%20Attack/K5447O57_S___A_O_Q3V.png" alt><br>amsc.wav的带宽约为18khz，是原来的两倍，关于f=30khz镜面对称。AM调制会创建原始信号的两个“副本”，一个在21-30kHz频段，另一个在30-39kHz。<br><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1610082052/Dolphin%20Attack/OPSXK_21_7R24_I_NIWM0_8.png" alt></p>
<p>am.wav，在这种调制中，我们可以听到载波，而在AM-SC中则听不到。频谱类似于AM-SC，但在载波频率上还有一个尖锐的“尖峰”：<br><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1610082051/Dolphin%20Attack/G8_K4_ZG__PE2CQ_5_UYY.png" alt></p>
<h2 id="0x03-语音命令发送器"><a href="#0x03-语音命令发送器" class="headerlink" title="0x03 语音命令发送器"></a>0x03 语音命令发送器</h2><p>下图是由智能手机驱动的便携式发射器。便携式发射器利用智能手机来发射调制信号。许多设备的最佳载波频率都大于24 kHz， 大多数智能手机无法完成任务。大多数智能手机最多支持48 kHz采样率，所以只能发送载波频率最高为24 kHz的调制窄带信号。需要支持高达192 kHz的采样率的手机，而且扬声器会衰减频率大于20 kHz的信号。为了减轻这个问题，我使用窄带超声换能器作为扬声器，并在超声换能器之前添加了一个放大器，这样有效的攻击范围得以扩展。</p>
<p><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1610082508/Dolphin%20Attack/Snipaste_2021-01-08_13-06-55.png" alt></p>
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