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< h1 id = "控制局域网内的IOT设备" > < a href = "#控制局域网内的IOT设备" class = "headerlink" title = "控制局域网内的IOT设备" > < / a > 控制局域网内的IOT设备< / h1 > < h2 id = "中间人攻击—流量分析" > < a href = "#中间人攻击—流量分析" class = "headerlink" title = "中间人攻击—流量分析" > < / a > 中间人攻击—流量分析< / h2 > < h3 id = "使用Nmap分析局域网内设备, 得到智能设备的IP" > < a href = "#使用Nmap分析局域网内设备, 得到智能设备的IP" class = "headerlink" title = "使用Nmap分析局域网内设备, 得到智能设备的IP" > < / a > 使用Nmap分析局域网内设备, 得到智能设备的IP< / h3 > < p > < img src = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1553323434/miio/1.png" alt > < br > 小米智能插座: 192.168.31.197 网关: 192.168.31.147( 控制它的手机ip) < / p >
< h3 id = "ettercap嗅探智能设备和网关之间的流量" > < a href = "#ettercap嗅探智能设备和网关之间的流量" class = "headerlink" title = "ettercap嗅探智能设备和网关之间的流量" > < / a > ettercap嗅探智能设备和网关之间的流量< / h3 > < p > sudo ettercap -i ens33 -T -q -M ARP:remote /192.168.31.197// /192.168.31.147//< / p >
< h3 id = "wireshark抓包分析" > < a href = "#wireshark抓包分析" class = "headerlink" title = "wireshark抓包分析" > < / a > wireshark抓包分析< / h3 > < p > < img src = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1553323435/miio/2.png" alt > < br > 从图中可以看出, 设备的命令控制包为UDP传输, 既然是UDP协议传输, 那么是否可以通过命令包重放攻击来对设备进行控制? < br > 了解到在homeassistant中可实现对小米设备的集成, 并在其中对设备进行管理和操作。Homeassistant, 主要以Python语言开发, 既然它能操控小米设备, 那它底层肯定有相关的函数调用库。< br > 为了可以消除对专有软件(米家app)的依赖, 并能控制自己的设备, 所以出现了MiIo。设备和米家app在同一局域网下使用的加密专有网络协议我们称之为MiIo协议。< br > Miio库支持的设备有: < br > < img src = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1553323434/miio/3.png" alt > < / p >
< h2 id = "小米IOT控制流程" > < a href = "#小米IOT控制流程" class = "headerlink" title = "小米IOT控制流程" > < / a > 小米IOT控制流程< / h2 > < p > 在同一局域网中, 小米设备可以使用专有的加密UDP网络协议进行通信控制。在网络可达的前提下, 向小米设备发送hello bytes就可以获得含有token的结构体数据。之后, 构造相应的结构体, 并且以同样的方式发送给设备即可完成控制。具体流程如下: < br > < img src = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1553323435/miio/4.png" alt > < / p >
< h2 id = "设备Token的获取方式" > < a href = "#设备Token的获取方式" class = "headerlink" title = "设备Token的获取方式" > < / a > 设备Token的获取方式< / h2 > < p > 小米设备的token获取有三种途径: miio获取、从米家app获取、从数据库获取< / p >
< h3 id = "miio获取" > < a href = "#miio获取" class = "headerlink" title = "miio获取" > < / a > miio获取< / h3 > < p > 在ubuntu下, 先安装miio, 然后发现设备: < br > npminstall -g miio< br > miiodiscover< br > < img src = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1553323440/miio/5.png" alt > < br > 但是很可惜, 很多设备隐藏了token, 使用该方法可能无法获取到token或获取到的token不正确。< / p >
< h3 id = "米家app获取" > < a href = "#米家app获取" class = "headerlink" title = "米家app获取" > < / a > 米家app获取< / h3 > < p > 这种方法需要的mijia app版本较老, 且只对部分设备有效。< / p >
< h3 id = "从数据库获取token" > < a href = "#从数据库获取token" class = "headerlink" title = "从数据库获取token" > < / a > 从数据库获取token< / h3 > < p > 这种方法仅在Mi Home 5.0.19之前的版本可用。< br > 该方法是读取手机中米家的app中的数据记录来获取设备的token, 具体步骤如下: < / p >
< ul >
< li > 准备一部获取root权限的安卓手机< / li >
< li > 安装米家app并登录账号< / li >
< li > 进入/data/data/com.xiaomi.smarthome/databases/< / li >
< li > 拷贝db, 下载到电脑< / li >
< li > < a href = "http://miio2.yinhh.com/" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > 前往网站< / a > , 上传db, 点击提交, 即可获得token。< / li >
< li > 8894c73cbd5c7224fb4b8a39e360c255< br > < img src = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1553323440/miio/6.png" alt > < / li >
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< h2 id = "脚本控制IOT设备" > < a href = "#脚本控制IOT设备" class = "headerlink" title = "脚本控制IOT设备" > < / a > 脚本控制IOT设备< / h2 > < p > 首先随意发送hellobytes获得时间和设备ID, token我们自己设置; 然后构造发送的数据结构msg, cmd中的method包括: set_power(控制开关)、get_prop(获取状态), 控制的params是[‘ on’ ]/ [‘ off’ ], 获取状态的params是[‘ power’ , ‘ temperature’ ]< br > < img src = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1553323440/miio/7.png" alt > < br > 如果获得了token, 就能对小米的设备进行操作, 如图下面是返回的信息。< br > < img src = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1553323440/miio/8.png" alt > < / p >
< h2 id = "总结" > < a href = "#总结" class = "headerlink" title = "总结" > < / a > 总结< / h2 > < p > 从目前的智能家居市场来看,用户不会只使用单个智能设备厂商的设备,所以对于厂商来说,通过开放接口给用户一些局域网的控制“自由”,实现不同厂商设备的联动是一个不错的选择。< br > 从另外一个角度, 本文中体现的安全问题我们也不容忽视。如果在局域网中不经过认证就能获取物联网设备的访问凭证, 并进而进行控制, 无形中给入侵者留了一扇门。例如, 攻击者可经过扫描互联网发现家庭路由器, 并利用弱口令或设备漏洞获得路由器的shell权限, 接下来就可按照文中步骤就可以获得设备token进而控制。好在小米已经在最新的miio版本中修复了这一漏洞, 大大提高了攻击者获取token的难度。< / p >
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< div class = "post-toc-content" > < ol class = "nav" > < li class = "nav-item nav-level-1" > < a class = "nav-link" href = "#控制局域网内的IOT设备" > < span class = "nav-number" > 1.< / span > < span class = "nav-text" > 控制局域网内的IOT设备< / span > < / a > < ol class = "nav-child" > < li class = "nav-item nav-level-2" > < a class = "nav-link" href = "#中间人攻击—流量分析" > < span class = "nav-number" > 1.1.< / span > < span class = "nav-text" > 中间人攻击—流量分析< / span > < / a > < ol class = "nav-child" > < li class = "nav-item nav-level-3" > < a class = "nav-link" href = "#使用Nmap分析局域网内设备, 得到智能设备的IP" > < span class = "nav-number" > 1.1.1.< / span > < span class = "nav-text" > 使用Nmap分析局域网内设备, 得到智能设备的IP< / span > < / a > < / li > < li class = "nav-item nav-level-3" > < a class = "nav-link" href = "#ettercap嗅探智能设备和网关之间的流量" > < span class = "nav-number" > 1.1.2.< / span > < span class = "nav-text" > ettercap嗅探智能设备和网关之间的流量< / span > < / a > < / li > < li class = "nav-item nav-level-3" > < a class = "nav-link" href = "#wireshark抓包分析" > < span class = "nav-number" > 1.1.3.< / span > < span class = "nav-text" > wireshark抓包分析< / span > < / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "nav-item nav-level-2" > < a class = "nav-link" href = "#小米IOT控制流程" > < span class = "nav-number" > 1.2.< / span > < span class = "nav-text" > 小米IOT控制流程< / span > < / a > < / li > < li class = "nav-item nav-level-2" > < a class = "nav-link" href = "#设备Token的获取方式" > < span class = "nav-number" > 1.3.< / span > < span class = "nav-text" > 设备Token的获取方式< / span > < / a > < ol class = "nav-child" > < li class = "nav-item nav-level-3" > < a class = "nav-link" href = "#miio获取" > < span class = "nav-number" > 1.3.1.< / span > < span class = "nav-text" > miio获取< / span > < / a > < / li > < li class = "nav-item nav-level-3" > < a class = "nav-link" href = "#米家app获取" > < span class = "nav-number" > 1.3.2.< / span > < span class = "nav-text" > 米家app获取< / span > < / a > < / li > < li class = "nav-item nav-level-3" > < a class = "nav-link" href = "#从数据库获取token" > < span class = "nav-number" > 1.3.3.< / span > < span class = "nav-text" > 从数据库获取token< / span > < / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < li class = "nav-item nav-level-2" > < a class = "nav-link" href = "#脚本控制IOT设备" > < span class = "nav-number" > 1.4.< / span > < span class = "nav-text" > 脚本控制IOT设备< / span > < / a > < / li > < li class = "nav-item nav-level-2" > < a class = "nav-link" href = "#总结" > < span class = "nav-number" > 1.5.< / span > < span class = "nav-text" > 总结< / span > < / a > < / li > < / ol > < / li > < / ol > < / div >
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< / script >
< / body >
< / html >