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< p > < strong > < em > 论文来源：< / em > < / strong > USENIX SECURITY 2018< br > < strong > < em > 下载：< / em > < / strong > < br > < a href = "https://www.usenix.org/conference/usenixsecurity18/presentation/feng" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > 原文pdf< / a > < br > < a href = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/raw/upload/v1553314438/ARE/Rule-based_engine.pptx" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > 中文slides< / a > < / p >
< h2 id = "论文解读" > < a href = "#论文解读" class = "headerlink" title = "论文解读" > < / a > 论文解读< / h2 > < h3 id = "1-概要：" > < a href = "#1-概要：" class = "headerlink" title = "1. 概要：" > < / a > 1. 概要：< / h3 > < ul >
< li > 物联网（ ） ， ， < / li >
< li > 物联网设备的发现是表征，监控和保护这些设备的先决条件。然而，手动设备注释阻碍了大规模发现，并且基于机器学习的设备分类需要具有标签的大型训练数据。因此，大规模的自动设备发现和注释仍然是物联网中的一个悬而未决的问题。< / li >
< li > 这篇文章提出了一种基于采集规则的引擎（ ） ， ， < / li >
< li > 为了收集交易集， （ ， ） < / li >
< / ul >
< h3 id = "2-背景与动机：" > < a href = "#2-背景与动机：" class = "headerlink" title = "2. 背景与动机：" > < / a > 2. 背景与动机：< / h3 > < ul >
< li > 物联网蓬勃发展， ， ， ， ， ， < / li >
< li > 但是由于设备脆弱、缺乏管理和配置不当， ， ， ， ， < / li >
< li > 设备注释的内容通常为“设备类型(e.g.,routers) + 供应商(e.g.,CISCO) + 产品型号(e.g.,TV-IP302P)”，传统生成设备注释的方法有基于指纹的，也有使用标志获取的，前者对数据集和大量设备模型的要求很高，而后者需要专业知识的人工方式，因此不可能用于大规模注释而且很难去维护更新。< / li >
< / ul >
< p > < img src = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1553313806/ARE/1.png" alt > < / p >
< p > 所以， ， ， （ ） ， ， ， ， ， < / p >
< h3 id = "3-核心工作—Rule-Miner： > < a href = "#3-核心工作—Rule-Miner： class = "headerlink" title = "3. 核心工作—Rule Miner： > < / a > 3. 核心工作—Rule Miner： < / h3 > < p > < img src = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1553313904/ARE/2.png" alt > < / p >
< p > Rule Miner由三个部分构成， ， ： ， ， ； ， ， ， < / p >
< h3 id = "4-完整架构和应用" > < a href = "#4-完整架构和应用" class = "headerlink" title = "4. 完整架构和应用" > < / a > 4. 完整架构和应用< / h3 > < p > < img src = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1553313904/ARE/4.png" alt > < / p >
< p > 完整的ARE除了核心Rule Miner之外， ， ， < br > 作者主要将ARE应用于三个方面， ， ， < br > < img src = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1553313946/ARE/6.png" alt > < br > 之后对ARE的效果与Nmap进行比较和评估， ， < br > < img src = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1553313805/ARE/5.png" alt > < / p >
< h3 id = "5-工作总结：" > < a href = "#5-工作总结：" class = "headerlink" title = "5. 工作总结：" > < / a > 5. 工作总结：< / h3 > < ul >
< li > 提出ARE的框架： ， < / li >
< li > 实现了ARE的原型并评估了它的效果： ， < / li >
< li > 应用于三个场景中， ： ； < / li >
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< span class = "with-love" >
< i class = "fa fa-user" > < / i >
< / span >
< span class = "author" itemprop = "copyrightHolder" > Cool-Y< / span >
< span class = "post-meta-divider" > |< / span >
< span class = "post-meta-item-icon" >
< i class = "fa fa-area-chart" > < / i >
< / span >
< span title = "Site words total count" > 7.7k< / span >
< / div >
< div class = "powered-by" > 由 < a class = "theme-link" target = "_blank" href = "https://hexo.io" > Hexo< / a > 强力驱动< / div >
< div class = "busuanzi-count" >
< script async src = "//busuanzi.ibruce.info/busuanzi/2.3/busuanzi.pure.mini.js" > < / script >
< span class = "site-uv" >
< i class = "fa fa-user" > < / i >
< span class = "busuanzi-value" id = "busuanzi_value_site_uv" > < / span >
< / span >
< span class = "site-pv" >
< i class = "fa fa-eye" > < / i >
< span class = "busuanzi-value" id = "busuanzi_value_site_pv" > < / span >
< / span >
< / div >
< / div >
< / footer >
< div class = "back-to-top" >
< i class = "fa fa-arrow-up" > < / i >
< / div >
< / div >
< script type = "text/javascript" >
if (Object.prototype.toString.call(window.Promise) !== '[object Function]') {
window.Promise = null;
}
< / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "/lib/jquery/index.js?v=2.1.3" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "/lib/fastclick/lib/fastclick.min.js?v=1.0.6" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "/lib/jquery_lazyload/jquery.lazyload.js?v=1.9.7" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "/lib/velocity/velocity.min.js?v=1.2.1" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "/lib/velocity/velocity.ui.min.js?v=1.2.1" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "/lib/fancybox/source/jquery.fancybox.pack.js?v=2.1.5" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "/js/src/utils.js?v=5.1.4" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "/js/src/motion.js?v=5.1.4" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "/js/src/affix.js?v=5.1.4" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "/js/src/schemes/pisces.js?v=5.1.4" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "/js/src/scrollspy.js?v=5.1.4" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "/js/src/post-details.js?v=5.1.4" > < / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" src = "/js/src/bootstrap.js?v=5.1.4" > < / script >
<!-- LOCAL: You can save these files to your site and update links -->
< link rel = "stylesheet" href = "https://aimingoo.github.io/gitmint/style/default.css" >
< script src = "https://aimingoo.github.io/gitmint/dist/gitmint.browser.js" > < / script >
<!-- END LOCAL -->
< script type = "text/javascript" >
function renderGitment(){
var gitment = new Gitmint({
id: window.location.pathname,
owner: 'Cool-Y',
repo: 'gitment-comments',
lang: "" || navigator.language || navigator.systemLanguage || navigator.userLanguage,
oauth: {
client_secret: '1c5db4da72df5e6fc318d12afe5f4406f7c54343',
client_id: '180955a2c3ae3d966d9a'
}});
gitment.render('gitment-container');
}
renderGitment();
< / script >
< script type = "text/javascript" >
// Popup Window;
var isfetched = false;
var isXml = true;
// Search DB path;
var search_path = "search.xml";
if (search_path.length === 0) {
search_path = "search.xml";
} else if (/json$/i.test(search_path)) {
isXml = false;
}
var path = "/" + search_path;
// monitor main search box;
var onPopupClose = function (e) {
$('.popup').hide();
$('#local-search-input').val('');
$('.search-result-list').remove();
$('#no-result').remove();
$(".local-search-pop-overlay").remove();
$('body').css('overflow', '');
}
function proceedsearch() {
$("body")
.append('< div class = "search-popup-overlay local-search-pop-overlay" > < / div > ')
.css('overflow', 'hidden');
$('.search-popup-overlay').click(onPopupClose);
$('.popup').toggle();
var $localSearchInput = $('#local-search-input');
$localSearchInput.attr("autocapitalize", "none");
$localSearchInput.attr("autocorrect", "off");
$localSearchInput.focus();
}
// search function;
var searchFunc = function(path, search_id, content_id) {
'use strict';
// start loading animation
$("body")
.append('< div class = "search-popup-overlay local-search-pop-overlay" > ' +
'< div id = "search-loading-icon" > ' +
'< i class = "fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-5x fa-fw" > < / i > ' +
'< / div > ' +
'< / div > ')
.css('overflow', 'hidden');
$("#search-loading-icon").css('margin', '20% auto 0 auto').css('text-align', 'center');
$.ajax({
url: path,
dataType: isXml ? "xml" : "json",
async: true,
success: function(res) {
// get the contents from search data
isfetched = true;
$('.popup').detach().appendTo('.header-inner');
var datas = isXml ? $("entry", res).map(function() {
return {
title: $("title", this).text(),
content: $("content",this).text(),
url: $("url" , this).text()
};
}).get() : res;
var input = document.getElementById(search_id);
var resultContent = document.getElementById(content_id);
var inputEventFunction = function() {
var searchText = input.value.trim().toLowerCase();
var keywords = searchText.split(/[\s\-]+/);
if (keywords.length > 1) {
keywords.push(searchText);
}
var resultItems = [];
if (searchText.length > 0) {
// perform local searching
datas.forEach(function(data) {
var isMatch = false;
var hitCount = 0;
var searchTextCount = 0;
var title = data.title.trim();
var titleInLowerCase = title.toLowerCase();
var content = data.content.trim().replace(/< [^>]+>/g,"");
var contentInLowerCase = content.toLowerCase();
var articleUrl = decodeURIComponent(data.url);
var indexOfTitle = [];
var indexOfContent = [];
// only match articles with not empty titles
if(title != '') {
keywords.forEach(function(keyword) {
function getIndexByWord(word, text, caseSensitive) {
var wordLen = word.length;
if (wordLen === 0) {
return [];
}
var startPosition = 0, position = [], index = [];
if (!caseSensitive) {
text = text.toLowerCase();
word = word.toLowerCase();
}
while ((position = text.indexOf(word, startPosition)) > -1) {
index.push({position: position, word: word});
startPosition = position + wordLen;
}
return index;
}
indexOfTitle = indexOfTitle.concat(getIndexByWord(keyword, titleInLowerCase, false));
indexOfContent = indexOfContent.concat(getIndexByWord(keyword, contentInLowerCase, false));
});
if (indexOfTitle.length > 0 || indexOfContent.length > 0) {
isMatch = true;
hitCount = indexOfTitle.length + indexOfContent.length;
}
}
// show search results
if (isMatch) {
// sort index by position of keyword
[indexOfTitle, indexOfContent].forEach(function (index) {
index.sort(function (itemLeft, itemRight) {
if (itemRight.position !== itemLeft.position) {
return itemRight.position - itemLeft.position;
} else {
return itemLeft.word.length - itemRight.word.length;
}
});
});
// merge hits into slices
function mergeIntoSlice(text, start, end, index) {
var item = index[index.length - 1];
var position = item.position;
var word = item.word;
var hits = [];
var searchTextCountInSlice = 0;
while (position + word.length < = end & & index.length != 0) {
if (word === searchText) {
searchTextCountInSlice++;
}
hits.push({position: position, length: word.length});
var wordEnd = position + word.length;
// move to next position of hit
index.pop();
while (index.length != 0) {
item = index[index.length - 1];
position = item.position;
word = item.word;
if (wordEnd > position) {
index.pop();
} else {
break;
}
}
}
searchTextCount += searchTextCountInSlice;
return {
hits: hits,
start: start,
end: end,
searchTextCount: searchTextCountInSlice
};
}
var slicesOfTitle = [];
if (indexOfTitle.length != 0) {
slicesOfTitle.push(mergeIntoSlice(title, 0, title.length, indexOfTitle));
}
var slicesOfContent = [];
while (indexOfContent.length != 0) {
var item = indexOfContent[indexOfContent.length - 1];
var position = item.position;
var word = item.word;
// cut out 100 characters
var start = position - 20;
var end = position + 80;
if(start < 0 ) {
start = 0;
}
if (end < position + word . length ) {
end = position + word.length;
}
if(end > content.length){
end = content.length;
}
slicesOfContent.push(mergeIntoSlice(content, start, end, indexOfContent));
}
// sort slices in content by search text's count and hits' count
slicesOfContent.sort(function (sliceLeft, sliceRight) {
if (sliceLeft.searchTextCount !== sliceRight.searchTextCount) {
return sliceRight.searchTextCount - sliceLeft.searchTextCount;
} else if (sliceLeft.hits.length !== sliceRight.hits.length) {
return sliceRight.hits.length - sliceLeft.hits.length;
} else {
return sliceLeft.start - sliceRight.start;
}
});
// select top N slices in content
var upperBound = parseInt('1');
if (upperBound >= 0) {
slicesOfContent = slicesOfContent.slice(0, upperBound);
}
// highlight title and content
function highlightKeyword(text, slice) {
var result = '';
var prevEnd = slice.start;
slice.hits.forEach(function (hit) {
result += text.substring(prevEnd, hit.position);
var end = hit.position + hit.length;
result += '< b class = "search-keyword" > ' + text.substring(hit.position, end) + '< / b > ';
prevEnd = end;
});
result += text.substring(prevEnd, slice.end);
return result;
}
var resultItem = '';
if (slicesOfTitle.length != 0) {
resultItem += "< li > < a href = '" + articleUrl + "' class = 'search-result-title' > " + highlightKeyword(title, slicesOfTitle[0]) + "< / a > ";
} else {
resultItem += "< li > < a href = '" + articleUrl + "' class = 'search-result-title' > " + title + "< / a > ";
}
slicesOfContent.forEach(function (slice) {
resultItem += "< a href = '" + articleUrl + "' > " +
"< p class = \"search-result\" > " + highlightKeyword(content, slice) +
"...< / p > " + "< / a > ";
});
resultItem += "< / li > ";
resultItems.push({
item: resultItem,
searchTextCount: searchTextCount,
hitCount: hitCount,
id: resultItems.length
});
}
})
};
if (keywords.length === 1 & & keywords[0] === "") {
resultContent.innerHTML = '< div id = "no-result" > < i class = "fa fa-search fa-5x" / > < / div > '
} else if (resultItems.length === 0) {
resultContent.innerHTML = '< div id = "no-result" > < i class = "fa fa-frown-o fa-5x" / > < / div > '
} else {
resultItems.sort(function (resultLeft, resultRight) {
if (resultLeft.searchTextCount !== resultRight.searchTextCount) {
return resultRight.searchTextCount - resultLeft.searchTextCount;
} else if (resultLeft.hitCount !== resultRight.hitCount) {
return resultRight.hitCount - resultLeft.hitCount;
} else {
return resultRight.id - resultLeft.id;
}
});
var searchResultList = '< ul class = \"search-result-list\" > ';
resultItems.forEach(function (result) {
searchResultList += result.item;
})
searchResultList += "< / ul > ";
resultContent.innerHTML = searchResultList;
}
}
if ('auto' === 'auto') {
input.addEventListener('input', inputEventFunction);
} else {
$('.search-icon').click(inputEventFunction);
input.addEventListener('keypress', function (event) {
if (event.keyCode === 13) {
inputEventFunction();
}
});
}
// remove loading animation
$(".local-search-pop-overlay").remove();
$('body').css('overflow', '');
proceedsearch();
}
});
}
// handle and trigger popup window;
$('.popup-trigger').click(function(e) {
e.stopPropagation();
if (isfetched === false) {
searchFunc(path, 'local-search-input', 'local-search-result');
} else {
proceedsearch();
};
});
$('.popup-btn-close').click(onPopupClose);
$('.popup').click(function(e){
e.stopPropagation();
});
$(document).on('keyup', function (event) {
var shouldDismissSearchPopup = event.which === 27 & &
$('.search-popup').is(':visible');
if (shouldDismissSearchPopup) {
onPopupClose();
}
});
< / script >
< script src = "https://cdn1.lncld.net/static/js/av-core-mini-0.6.4.js" > < / script >
< script > AV . initialize ( "EWwoJgHNdlj6iBjiFlMcabUO-gzGzoHsz" , "x8FxDrYG79C8YFrTww9ljo8K" ) ; < / script >
< script >
function showTime(Counter) {
var query = new AV.Query(Counter);
var entries = [];
var $visitors = $(".leancloud_visitors");
$visitors.each(function () {
entries.push( $(this).attr("id").trim() );
});
query.containedIn('url', entries);
query.find()
.done(function (results) {
var COUNT_CONTAINER_REF = '.leancloud-visitors-count';
if (results.length === 0) {
$visitors.find(COUNT_CONTAINER_REF).text(0);
return;
}
for (var i = 0; i < results.length ; i + + ) {
var item = results[i];
var url = item.get('url');
var time = item.get('time');
var element = document.getElementById(url);
$(element).find(COUNT_CONTAINER_REF).text(time);
}
for(var i = 0; i < entries.length ; i + + ) {
var url = entries[i];
var element = document.getElementById(url);
var countSpan = $(element).find(COUNT_CONTAINER_REF);
if( countSpan.text() == '') {
countSpan.text(0);
}
}
})
.fail(function (object, error) {
console.log("Error: " + error.code + " " + error.message);
});
}
function addCount(Counter) {
var $visitors = $(".leancloud_visitors");
var url = $visitors.attr('id').trim();
var title = $visitors.attr('data-flag-title').trim();
var query = new AV.Query(Counter);
query.equalTo("url", url);
query.find({
success: function(results) {
if (results.length > 0) {
var counter = results[0];
counter.fetchWhenSave(true);
counter.increment("time");
counter.save(null, {
success: function(counter) {
var $element = $(document.getElementById(url));
$element.find('.leancloud-visitors-count').text(counter.get('time'));
},
error: function(counter, error) {
console.log('Failed to save Visitor num, with error message: ' + error.message);
}
});
} else {
var newcounter = new Counter();
/* Set ACL */
var acl = new AV.ACL();
acl.setPublicReadAccess(true);
acl.setPublicWriteAccess(true);
newcounter.setACL(acl);
/* End Set ACL */
newcounter.set("title", title);
newcounter.set("url", url);
newcounter.set("time", 1);
newcounter.save(null, {
success: function(newcounter) {
var $element = $(document.getElementById(url));
$element.find('.leancloud-visitors-count').text(newcounter.get('time'));
},
error: function(newcounter, error) {
console.log('Failed to create');
}
});
}
},
error: function(error) {
console.log('Error:' + error.code + " " + error.message);
}
});
}
$(function() {
var Counter = AV.Object.extend("Counter");
if ($('.leancloud_visitors').length == 1) {
addCount(Counter);
} else if ($('.post-title-link').length > 1) {
showTime(Counter);
}
});
< / script >
< / body >
< / html >
