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< p > 通过分析物联网设备遭受攻击的链条可以发现， ， ， ， ， ， ， < / p >
< p > < a href = "http://blog.nsfocus.net/security-analysis-of-the-firmware-of-iot/" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > http://blog.nsfocus.net/security-analysis-of-the-firmware-of-iot/< / a > < br > < a href = "https://open.appscan.io/article-1163.html" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > https://open.appscan.io/article-1163.html< / a > < / p >
< h1 id = "官网获取或联系售后索取升级包" > < a href = "#官网获取或联系售后索取升级包" class = "headerlink" title = "官网获取或联系售后索取升级包" > < / a > 官网获取或联系售后索取升级包< / h1 > < h1 id = "网络升级拦截" > < a href = "#网络升级拦截" class = "headerlink" title = "网络升级拦截" > < / a > 网络升级拦截< / h1 > < p > 工具： < br > 流程：中间人-> 开始抓包-> 在线升级-> 分析固件地址-> 下载< br > 案例： < br > 这款路由器在网上找不到现有固件，我们尝试一下是否可以通过抓包在线升级过程获取固件。< br > 首先关闭防火墙，否则无法访问路由器的服务，无法做中间人攻击。< br > 使用ettercap进行arp欺骗， < code > sudo ettercap -Tq -i ens33 -M arp:remote /192.168.31.1// /192.168.31.134//< / code > < br > 打开wireshark进行抓包。理论上说， ， < / p >
< p > 还好华为路由器自带了抓包的功能（方便后期的调试和维护），所以直接使用这个功能抓取报文，比做中间人要直接了当得多。< / p >
< p > 在点击升级固件之后， < br > < img src = "https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1563606353/samples/1.png" alt > < br > 可以看到在通过三次TCP握手之后， ， < a href = "http://update.hicloud.com/TDS/data/files/p14/s145/G4404/g1810/v272964/f1/WS5200_10.0.2.7_main.bin" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > http://update.hicloud.com/TDS/data/files/p14/s145/G4404/g1810/v272964/f1/WS5200_10.0.2.7_main.bin< / a > < br > 点击即可拿到最新的固件< / p >
< p > 案例：小米智能门锁< br > < a href = "http://cdn.cnbj0.fds.api.mi-img.com/miio_fw/250cc495d7da7643680dadeab578fce0_upd_lumi.lock.mcn01.bin?GalaxyAccessKeyId=5721718224520&Expires=1566136387000&Signature=KLOrbsRANlJD7w7bKB03xI1t4/0=" target = "_blank" rel = "noopener" > http://cdn.cnbj0.fds.api.mi-img.com/miio_fw/250cc495d7da7643680dadeab578fce0_upd_lumi.lock.mcn01.bin?GalaxyAccessKeyId=5721718224520& Expires=1566136387000& Signature=KLOrbsRANlJD7w7bKB03xI1t4/0=< / a > < / p >
< p > ./storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.xiaomi.smarthome/cache/ble/250cc495d7da7643680dadeab578fce0_upd_lumi.lock.mcn01.bin< / p >
< figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > $ binwalk -Me 250cc495d7da7643680dadeab578fce0_upd_lumi.lock.mcn01.bin< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Scan Time: 2019-07-20 20:01:40< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Target File: /home/han/ck/iot/250cc495d7da7643680dadeab578fce0_upd_lumi.lock.mcn01.bin< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > MD5 Checksum: 250cc495d7da7643680dadeab578fce0< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Signatures: 390< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure >
< h1 id = "通过串口读取" > < a href = "#通过串口读取" class = "headerlink" title = "通过串口读取" > < / a > 通过串口读取< / h1 > < p > 工具： < br > 流程： （ ） > 串口通信-> 拿到shell-> tar打包固件-> nc传输< br > 案例：小爱音响< / p >
< h1 id = "刷开发板固件， > < a href = "#刷开发板固件， class = "headerlink" title = "刷开发板固件， > < / a > 刷开发板固件， < / h1 > < p > 有些厂商除了稳定版固件，还会提供开发版供发烧友“玩弄”。< br > 案例： < br > 流程： > tar打包固件< br > < figure class = "highlight plain" > < table > < tr > < td class = "gutter" > < pre > < span class = "line" > 1< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 2< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 3< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 4< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 5< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 6< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 7< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 8< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 9< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 10< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 11< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 12< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 13< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 14< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 15< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 16< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 17< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 18< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 19< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 20< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 21< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 22< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 23< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 24< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 25< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 26< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 27< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 28< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < td class = "code" > < pre > < span class = "line" > root@XiaoQiang:/# ls< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > bin data dev etc extdisks lib mnt opt overlay proc readonly rom root sbin sys tmp userdisk usr var www< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 压缩提示没有足够的空间< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > root@XiaoQiang:/# tar -zcf bin.tar.gz bin/*< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > tar: can' t open ' bin.tar.gz' : No space left on device< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 来看一下空间使用情况< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > root@XiaoQiang:/# df -h< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > Filesystem Size Used Available Use% Mounted on< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > rootfs 25.9M 25.9M 0 100% /< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > none 60.5M 4.5M 56.0M 7% /dev< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > tmpfs 60.9M 1.5M 59.4M 2% /tmp< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ubi0_0 25.9M 25.9M 0 100% /< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > tmpfs 60.9M 1.5M 59.4M 2% /tmp< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > tmpfs 60.9M 1.5M 59.4M 2% /extdisks< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ubi1_0 45.4M 6.7M 36.3M 16% /data< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ubi1_0 45.4M 6.7M 36.3M 16% /userdisk< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ubi0_0 25.9M 25.9M 0 100% /userdisk/data< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > ubi1_0 45.4M 6.7M 36.3M 16% /etc< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > /dev目录下还有足够空间， < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > root@XiaoQiang:/# tar -zcf ./dev/bin.tar.gz bin/*< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > root@XiaoQiang:/# tar -zcf ./dev/data.tar.gz data/*< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > 其他的目录也是一样的方法< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > < / span > < br > < span class = "line" > scp传输到本地< / span > < br > < span class = "line" > scp root:password@miwifi:/dev/*.tar.gz ./Desktop< / span > < br > < / pre > < / td > < / tr > < / table > < / figure > < / p >
< h1 id = "uboot提取固件" > < a href = "#uboot提取固件" class = "headerlink" title = "uboot提取固件" > < / a > uboot提取固件< / h1 > < p > 案例： < / p >
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