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Site updated: 2019-03-16 17:12:18
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<h1 id="基于python语言的BIBA模型图形界面实现"><a href="#基于python语言的BIBA模型图形界面实现" class="headerlink" title="基于python语言的BIBA模型图形界面实现"></a>基于python语言的BIBA模型图形界面实现</h1><h2 id="一、实验目的："><a href="#一、实验目的：" class="headerlink" title="一、实验目的："></a>一、实验目的：</h2><ol>
<li><strong>查阅资料，了解biba安全模型的相关知识</strong></li>
<li><strong>通过编程实现基于biba模型的完整性访问控制，进一步掌握biba模型的规则</strong></li>
<li><strong>使用python语言实现，熟练pyqt的图形界面设计方法</strong></li>
</ol>
<hr>
<h2 id="二、实验环境："><a href="#二、实验环境：" class="headerlink" title="二、实验环境："></a>二、实验环境：</h2><ul>
<li>操作系统：Windows10</li>
<li>工具版本：python3.7，pyqt5</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h2 id="三、实验原理："><a href="#三、实验原理：" class="headerlink" title="三、实验原理："></a>三、实验原理：</h2><h4 id="1-什么是安全模型"><a href="#1-什么是安全模型" class="headerlink" title="1. 什么是安全模型"></a>1. 什么是安全模型</h4><ul>
<li>系统的元素 <blockquote>
<p>具有行为能力的主体<br>不具有行为能力的客体</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>系统的操作行为<blockquote>
<p>可以执行的命令：读、写、执行</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>对系统行为的约束方式<blockquote>
<p>对行为的控制策略</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>模型从抽象层次规定了系统行为和约束行为的方式</li>
<li>模型往往用状态来表示<blockquote>
<p>系统行为所依赖的环境<br>行为对系统产生的效果</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="2-biba完整性模型："><a href="#2-biba完整性模型：" class="headerlink" title="2. biba完整性模型："></a>2. biba完整性模型：</h4><ul>
<li>完整性威胁问题<blockquote>
<p>完整性的威胁就是一个子系统在初始时刻认为不正常的修改行为；<br>来源：内部&amp;外部；<br>类型：直接&amp;间接</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>外部的直接</th>
<th>外部的间接</th>
<th>内部的直接</th>
<th>内部的间接</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>外部系统恶意地篡改另一个系统的数据或程序</td>
<td>一个外部系统插入恶意的子程序</td>
<td>修改自己的代码</td>
<td>修改自己的指针</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<ul>
<li>biba模型的完整性定义<blockquote>
<p>完整性级别高的实体对完整性低的实体具有完全的支配性，反之如果一个实体对另一个实体具有完全的控制权，说明前者完整性级别更高，这里的实体既可以是主体也可以是客体。<br>完整性级别和可信度有密切的关系，完整级别越高，意味着可信度越高。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>biba模型的规则 </li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox"> 对于写和执行操作，有如下规则：<blockquote>
<p><strong>写规则控制</strong><br>当且仅当主体S的完整性级别大于或等于客体O的完整性级别时，主体S可以写客体O,一般称之为<strong>上写</strong>。<br><strong>执行操作控制</strong><br>当且仅当主体S2的完整性级别高于或等于S1,主体S1可以执行主体S2。 </p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li style="list-style: none"><input type="checkbox"> 关于读操作，有不同的控制策略：<blockquote>
<p><strong>低水标模型</strong><br>任意主体可以读任意完整性级别的客体，但是如果主体读完整性级别比自己低的客体时，主体的完整性级别将为客体完整性级别，否则，主体的完整性级别保持不变。<br><strong>环模型</strong><br>不管完整性级别如何，任何主体都可以读任何客体<br><strong>严格完整性模型</strong><br>这个模型对读操作是根据主客体的完整性级别严格控制的，即只有完整性级别低或相等的主体才可以读完整性级别高的客体，称为<strong>下读</strong></p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>一般都是指毕巴严格完整性模型，总结来说是上写、下读</strong></p>
<hr>
<h2 id="四、实验内容："><a href="#四、实验内容：" class="headerlink" title="四、实验内容："></a>四、实验内容：</h2><h3 id="1-用户登录实现"><a href="#1-用户登录实现" class="headerlink" title="1. 用户登录实现"></a>1. 用户登录实现</h3><p><strong>核对用户输入的账户密码与存储的是否匹配</strong></p>
<p><img src="https://github.com/Cool-Y/BIBA-model/blob/master/img/login.PNG" alt="login"></p>
<ul>
<li>从用户输入框获取账户和密码</li>
<li>检查输入信息是否合法（为空）</li>
<li>从password.txt中获取，并保存在列表listFromLine中</li>
<li>检查输入的账户是否存在</li>
<li>若存在，检查对应的密码是否正确</li>
<li><p>若正确，判断是管理员还是普通用户，并跳转相应的界面</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">checkPass</span><span class="params">(self)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line"> nameIn = self.lineEdit.text()</span><br><span class="line"> passwdIn = self.lineEdit_2.text()</span><br><span class="line"> md5 = hashlib.md5()</span><br><span class="line"> md5.update(passwdIn.encode(<span class="string">"utf-8"</span>))</span><br><span class="line"> passwdIn = md5.hexdigest()</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (nameIn == <span class="string">''</span>) <span class="keyword">or</span> (passwdIn == <span class="string">''</span>):</span><br><span class="line"> QMessageBox.warning(self,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"警告"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"账号和密码不能为空"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> QMessageBox.Yes)</span><br><span class="line"> self.lineEdit.setFocus()</span><br><span class="line"> print(nameIn, passwdIn)</span><br><span class="line"> fr = open(<span class="string">'./etc/passwd.txt'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> arrayofLines = fr.readlines()</span><br><span class="line"> numberofLines = len(arrayofLines)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> line <span class="keyword">in</span> arrayofLines:</span><br><span class="line"> line = line.strip()</span><br><span class="line"> listFromLine = line.split(<span class="string">':'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> name = listFromLine[<span class="number">0</span>]</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> name == nameIn:</span><br><span class="line"> numberofLines = <span class="number">-1</span></span><br><span class="line"> passwd = listFromLine[<span class="number">1</span>]</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> passwd == passwdIn:</span><br><span class="line"> group = listFromLine[<span class="number">2</span>]</span><br><span class="line"> print(<span class="string">"\n登录成功!\n"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> name == <span class="string">'root'</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> print(<span class="string">'root登录'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> rootUI.show()</span><br><span class="line">
</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h3 id="2-管理员功能实现"><a href="#2-管理员功能实现" class="headerlink" title="2. 管理员功能实现"></a>2. 管理员功能实现</h3><p><strong>管理员可以对用户进行增、删、查的操作</strong></p>
<p><img src="https://github.com/Cool-Y/BIBA-model/blob/master/img/rootUI.PNG" alt="login"></p>
<h4 id="增加用户的实现"><a href="#增加用户的实现" class="headerlink" title="增加用户的实现"></a>增加用户的实现</h4><blockquote>
<ul>
<li>获取管理员输入的用户名、密码和用户等级</li>
<li>将明文密码转换为md5值</li>
<li>判断输入的账户是否已经存在以及是否为空</li>
<li>如果没有问题，将其存入passwd.txt的末尾</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">adduser</span><span class="params">(self)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line"> print(<span class="string">'开始添加'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> name = self.lineEdit_4.text()</span><br><span class="line"> passwd = self.lineEdit_6.text()</span><br><span class="line"> md5 = hashlib.md5()</span><br><span class="line"> md5.update(passwd.encode(<span class="string">"utf-8"</span>))</span><br><span class="line"> passwd = md5.hexdigest()</span><br><span class="line"> group = self.comboBox.currentText()</span><br><span class="line"> self.name = name</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> self.euxit():</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> name == <span class="string">''</span> <span class="keyword">or</span> passwd == <span class="string">''</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> QMessageBox.warning(self,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"警告"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"账号和密码不能为空"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> QMessageBox.Yes)</span><br><span class="line"> self.lineEdit.setFocus()</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">else</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> cur_path = os.getcwd()</span><br><span class="line"> filename = cur_path + <span class="string">'/etc/passwd.txt'</span></span><br><span class="line"> fi = open(filename, <span class="string">'r+'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> str = name + <span class="string">':'</span> + passwd + <span class="string">':'</span> + group + <span class="string">'\n'</span></span><br><span class="line"> print(<span class="string">'成功增加用户'</span> + str + <span class="string">'\n'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> fi.seek(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">2</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> fi.write(str)</span><br><span class="line"> fi.close()</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">else</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> QMessageBox.warning(self,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"警告"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"用户已存在"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> QMessageBox.Yes)</span><br><span class="line"> self.lineEdit.setFocus()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="查询已有用户的实现"><a href="#查询已有用户的实现" class="headerlink" title="查询已有用户的实现"></a>查询已有用户的实现</h4><blockquote>
<p>从passwd.txt中逐行读出</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="https://github.com/Cool-Y/BIBA-model/blob/master/img/existUser.PNG" alt="login"></p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">readuser</span><span class="params">(self)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line"> print(<span class="string">'readuser'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> cur_path = os.getcwd()</span><br><span class="line"> filename = cur_path + <span class="string">'/etc/passwd.txt'</span></span><br><span class="line"> fo = open(filename)</span><br><span class="line"> arrayofLines = fo.readlines()</span><br><span class="line"> names = <span class="string">''</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> line <span class="keyword">in</span> arrayofLines:</span><br><span class="line"> line = line.strip()</span><br><span class="line"> listFromLine = line.split(<span class="string">':'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> names = names + listFromLine[<span class="number">0</span>] + <span class="string">'\n'</span></span><br><span class="line"> self.textEdit.setPlaceholderText(names)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="删除用户的实现"><a href="#删除用户的实现" class="headerlink" title="删除用户的实现"></a>删除用户的实现</h4><blockquote>
<p>从passwd.txt中逐行读出用户名，并与待删除用户比较，如果相同，则删除该行</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">rmuser</span><span class="params">(self)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line"> print(<span class="number">1</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> cur_path = os.getcwd()</span><br><span class="line"> filename = cur_path + <span class="string">'/etc/passwd.txt'</span></span><br><span class="line"> rmName = self.lineEdit.text()</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">with</span> open(filename, <span class="string">'r'</span>,encoding=<span class="string">"utf-8"</span>) <span class="keyword">as</span> r:</span><br><span class="line"> lines = r.readlines()</span><br><span class="line"> lenl = len(lines)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">with</span> open(filename, <span class="string">'w'</span>,encoding=<span class="string">"utf-8"</span>) <span class="keyword">as</span> w:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> line <span class="keyword">in</span> lines:</span><br><span class="line"> l = line.strip()</span><br><span class="line"> listFromLine = l.split(<span class="string">':'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> rmName == listFromLine[<span class="number">0</span>]:</span><br><span class="line"> print(<span class="string">'删除用户'</span> + rmName)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">continue</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> line == <span class="string">'\n'</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> print(<span class="string">'find换行'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> line = <span class="string">''</span></span><br><span class="line"> w.write(line)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<hr>
<h3 id="3-普通用户功能实现"><a href="#3-普通用户功能实现" class="headerlink" title="3. 普通用户功能实现"></a>3. 普通用户功能实现</h3><p><strong>普通用户可以完成对合法权限文件的读取、增加内容（上写下读）以及创建文件的操作</strong></p>
<p><img src="https://github.com/Cool-Y/BIBA-model/blob/master/img/normal.PNG" alt="login"></p>
<h4 id="读取文件内容"><a href="#读取文件内容" class="headerlink" title="读取文件内容"></a>读取文件内容</h4><blockquote>
<p>双击文件名<br>获取选中文件和当前用户的完整性级别<br>如果用户的级别低于文件，则读取文件内容</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">readfile</span><span class="params">(self)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line"> dict = self.getGrade()</span><br><span class="line"> fgrade = str(dict[self.file_path])</span><br><span class="line"> ugrade = self.lineEdit_2.text()</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> ugrade &gt;= fgrade:</span><br><span class="line"> print(ugrade+ <span class="string">' 正在读取 '</span>+fgrade)</span><br><span class="line"> filename = self.file_path</span><br><span class="line"> print(filename)</span><br><span class="line"> fr = open(filename)</span><br><span class="line"> lines = <span class="string">''</span></span><br><span class="line"> arrayofLines = fr.readlines()</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> line <span class="keyword">in</span> arrayofLines:</span><br><span class="line"> lines += line</span><br><span class="line"> self.textEdit.setText(lines)</span><br><span class="line"> print(<span class="string">'读取成功\n'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">else</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> QMessageBox.warning(self,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"警告"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"您的用户等级太高"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> QMessageBox.Yes)</span><br><span class="line"> self.lineEdit.setFocus()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="增加文件内容"><a href="#增加文件内容" class="headerlink" title="增加文件内容"></a>增加文件内容</h4><blockquote>
<p>双击文件名<br>获取选中文件和当前用户的完整性级别<br>如果用户的级别高于文件，则写入文件内容</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">writefile</span><span class="params">(self)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line"> dict = self.getGrade()</span><br><span class="line"> fgrade = dict[self.file_path]</span><br><span class="line"> ugrade = self.lineEdit_2.text()</span><br><span class="line"> print(ugrade + <span class="string">' 正在写入 '</span> + fgrade)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> ugrade &lt;= fgrade:</span><br><span class="line"> filename = self.file_path</span><br><span class="line"> str = self.textEdit.toPlainText()</span><br><span class="line"> print(str)</span><br><span class="line"> fo = open(filename, <span class="string">'r+'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> fo.seek(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">2</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> fo.write(str)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">else</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> QMessageBox.warning(self,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"警告"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"您的用户等级太低"</span>,</span><br><span class="line"> QMessageBox.Yes)</span><br><span class="line"> self.lineEdit.setFocus()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="创建文件"><a href="#创建文件" class="headerlink" title="创建文件"></a>创建文件</h4><blockquote>
<p>获取当前用户名和输入的文件名<br>在当前路径下创建名为用户名的文件<br>并对新创建的文件与用户等级建立字典，新文件路径为key，用户等级为value<br>这个字典方便读写时判断等级高低</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">touchfile</span><span class="params">(self)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line"> urName = self.lineEdit.text()</span><br><span class="line"> filename = self.lineEdit_4.text()</span><br><span class="line"> cur_path = os.getcwd()</span><br><span class="line"> new_path = os.path.join(cur_path + <span class="string">'/file'</span>, urName)</span><br><span class="line"> print(urName)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> os.path.exists(new_path) == <span class="literal">False</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> os.mkdir(new_path)</span><br><span class="line"> os.chdir(new_path)</span><br><span class="line"> fr = open(filename, <span class="string">'w'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> key = (new_path + <span class="string">'/'</span> + filename).replace(<span class="string">'\\'</span>, <span class="string">'/'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> fr.close()</span><br><span class="line"> os.chdir(cur_path)</span><br><span class="line"> fa = open(<span class="string">'./etc/ac.txt'</span>, <span class="string">'r'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> a = fa.read()</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> a == <span class="string">''</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> dict = &#123;&#125;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">else</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> dict = eval(a)</span><br><span class="line"> dict[key] = self.lineEdit_2.text()</span><br><span class="line"> fr = open(<span class="string">'./etc/ac.txt'</span>, <span class="string">'w'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> fr.write(str(dict))</span><br><span class="line"> fr.close()</span><br><span class="line"> fa.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<hr>
<h2 id="五、心得体会："><a href="#五、心得体会：" class="headerlink" title="五、心得体会："></a>五、心得体会：</h2><h2 id="六、改进部分："><a href="#六、改进部分：" class="headerlink" title="六、改进部分："></a>六、改进部分：</h2>
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