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2019-07-24
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962 字
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4 分钟
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固件有几种获取方法？
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<p>通过分析物联网设备遭受攻击的链条可以发现，黑客获取固件，把固件逆向成汇编或C程序语言后，能分析出设备的运行流程和网络行为，还能找到安全加密相关的密钥相关的信息。如果这些“有心人”没能获取到固件信息，他们也很难发现这些漏洞。从这一点看，物联网设备的安全性，在很大程度上决定于其固件的安全性。</p>
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<p><a href="http://blog.nsfocus.net/security-analysis-of-the-firmware-of-iot/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://blog.nsfocus.net/security-analysis-of-the-firmware-of-iot/</a><br><a href="https://open.appscan.io/article-1163.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://open.appscan.io/article-1163.html</a></p>
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<h1 id="官网获取或联系售后索取升级包"><a href="#官网获取或联系售后索取升级包" class="headerlink" title="官网获取或联系售后索取升级包"></a>官网获取或联系售后索取升级包</h1><h1 id="网络升级拦截"><a href="#网络升级拦截" class="headerlink" title="网络升级拦截"></a>网络升级拦截</h1><p>工具：wireshark、ettercap<br>流程：中间人->开始抓包->在线升级->分析固件地址->下载<br>案例：华为路由WS5200 四核版<br>这款路由器在网上找不到现有固件，我们尝试一下是否可以通过抓包在线升级过程获取固件。<br>首先关闭防火墙，否则无法访问路由器的服务，无法做中间人攻击。<br>使用ettercap进行arp欺骗，<code>sudo ettercap -Tq -i ens33 -M arp:remote /192.168.31.1// /192.168.31.134//</code><br>打开wireshark进行抓包。理论上说，点击升级固件之后，wireshark就能够记录升级固件的整个过程(HTTP),但是结果却并不理想。</p>
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<p>还好华为路由器自带了抓包的功能（方便后期的调试和维护），所以直接使用这个功能抓取报文，比做中间人要直接了当得多。</p>
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<p>在点击升级固件之后，我们可以看到大量发往58.49.156.104这个地址的报文，猜测极有可能是华为的服务器，过滤一下会看得更清楚<br><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1563606353/samples/1.png" alt><br>可以看到在通过三次TCP握手之后，华为路由器向服务器发送了get请求，uri就是获取固件的地址 <a href="http://update.hicloud.com/TDS/data/files/p14/s145/G4404/g1810/v272964/f1/WS5200_10.0.2.7_main.bin" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://update.hicloud.com/TDS/data/files/p14/s145/G4404/g1810/v272964/f1/WS5200_10.0.2.7_main.bin</a><br>点击即可拿到最新的固件</p>
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<p>案例：小米智能门锁<br><a href="http://cdn.cnbj0.fds.api.mi-img.com/miio_fw/250cc495d7da7643680dadeab578fce0_upd_lumi.lock.mcn01.bin?GalaxyAccessKeyId=5721718224520&Expires=1566136387000&Signature=KLOrbsRANlJD7w7bKB03xI1t4/0=" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://cdn.cnbj0.fds.api.mi-img.com/miio_fw/250cc495d7da7643680dadeab578fce0_upd_lumi.lock.mcn01.bin?GalaxyAccessKeyId=5721718224520&Expires=1566136387000&Signature=KLOrbsRANlJD7w7bKB03xI1t4/0=</a></p>
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<p>./storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.xiaomi.smarthome/cache/ble/250cc495d7da7643680dadeab578fce0_upd_lumi.lock.mcn01.bin</p>
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<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ binwalk -Me 250cc495d7da7643680dadeab578fce0_upd_lumi.lock.mcn01.bin</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Scan Time: 2019-07-20 20:01:40</span><br><span class="line">Target File: /home/han/ck/iot/250cc495d7da7643680dadeab578fce0_upd_lumi.lock.mcn01.bin</span><br><span class="line">MD5 Checksum: 250cc495d7da7643680dadeab578fce0</span><br><span class="line">Signatures: 390</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<h1 id="通过串口读取"><a href="#通过串口读取" class="headerlink" title="通过串口读取"></a>通过串口读取</h1><p>工具：uart转usb<br>流程：找到电路板上的uart接口（RX、TX、+5v、GND）->串口通信->拿到shell->tar打包固件->nc传输<br>案例：小爱音响</p>
|
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<h1 id="刷开发板固件，开启ssh服务"><a href="#刷开发板固件，开启ssh服务" class="headerlink" title="刷开发板固件，开启ssh服务"></a>刷开发板固件，开启ssh服务</h1><p>有些厂商除了稳定版固件，还会提供开发版供发烧友“玩弄”。<br>案例：小米路由器的开发板可通过安装ssh工具包开启ssh服务<br>流程：开启ssh->tar打包固件<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">root@XiaoQiang:/# ls</span><br><span class="line">bin data dev etc extdisks lib mnt opt overlay proc readonly rom root sbin sys tmp userdisk usr var www</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">压缩提示没有足够的空间</span><br><span class="line">root@XiaoQiang:/# tar -zcf bin.tar.gz bin/*</span><br><span class="line">tar: can't open 'bin.tar.gz': No space left on device</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">来看一下空间使用情况</span><br><span class="line">root@XiaoQiang:/# df -h</span><br><span class="line">Filesystem Size Used Available Use% Mounted on</span><br><span class="line">rootfs 25.9M 25.9M 0 100% /</span><br><span class="line">none 60.5M 4.5M 56.0M 7% /dev</span><br><span class="line">tmpfs 60.9M 1.5M 59.4M 2% /tmp</span><br><span class="line">ubi0_0 25.9M 25.9M 0 100% /</span><br><span class="line">tmpfs 60.9M 1.5M 59.4M 2% /tmp</span><br><span class="line">tmpfs 60.9M 1.5M 59.4M 2% /extdisks</span><br><span class="line">ubi1_0 45.4M 6.7M 36.3M 16% /data</span><br><span class="line">ubi1_0 45.4M 6.7M 36.3M 16% /userdisk</span><br><span class="line">ubi0_0 25.9M 25.9M 0 100% /userdisk/data</span><br><span class="line">ubi1_0 45.4M 6.7M 36.3M 16% /etc</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">/dev目录下还有足够空间，继续压缩</span><br><span class="line">root@XiaoQiang:/# tar -zcf ./dev/bin.tar.gz bin/*</span><br><span class="line">root@XiaoQiang:/# tar -zcf ./dev/data.tar.gz data/*</span><br><span class="line">其他的目录也是一样的方法</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">scp传输到本地</span><br><span class="line">scp root:password@miwifi:/dev/*.tar.gz ./Desktop</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
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||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://unpkg.com/gitalk/dist/gitalk.css">
|
||
<script src="https://unpkg.com/gitalk/dist/gitalk.min.js"></script>
|
||
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||
|
||
|
||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||
function renderGitalk(){
|
||
var gitalk = new Gitalk({
|
||
owner: 'Cool-Y',
|
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repo: 'gitment-comments',
|
||
clientID: '180955a2c3ae3d966d9a',
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clientSecret: '1c5db4da72df5e6fc318d12afe5f4406f7c54343',
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admin: 'Cool-Y',
|
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id: decodeURI(location.pathname),
|
||
|
||
distractionFreeMode: 'true'
|
||
|
||
});
|
||
gitalk.render('gitalk-container');
|
||
}
|
||
renderGitalk();
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script src="https://cdn1.lncld.net/static/js/av-core-mini-0.6.4.js"></script>
|
||
<script>AV.initialize("CnxMogaLcXQrm9Q03lF8XH7j-gzGzoHsz", "EHqNuJ6AYvuHnY6bN6w2SMXl");</script>
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||
<script>
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||
function showTime(Counter) {
|
||
var query = new AV.Query(Counter);
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||
var entries = [];
|
||
var $visitors = $(".leancloud_visitors");
|
||
|
||
$visitors.each(function () {
|
||
entries.push( $(this).attr("id").trim() );
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
query.containedIn('url', entries);
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||
query.find()
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||
.done(function (results) {
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||
var COUNT_CONTAINER_REF = '.leancloud-visitors-count';
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||
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||
if (results.length === 0) {
|
||
$visitors.find(COUNT_CONTAINER_REF).text(0);
|
||
return;
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}
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for (var i = 0; i < results.length; i++) {
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var item = results[i];
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var url = item.get('url');
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var time = item.get('time');
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var element = document.getElementById(url);
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||
$(element).find(COUNT_CONTAINER_REF).text(time);
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}
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for(var i = 0; i < entries.length; i++) {
|
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var url = entries[i];
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var element = document.getElementById(url);
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var countSpan = $(element).find(COUNT_CONTAINER_REF);
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if( countSpan.text() == '') {
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countSpan.text(0);
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}
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}
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})
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.fail(function (object, error) {
|
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console.log("Error: " + error.code + " " + error.message);
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});
|
||
}
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||
|
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function addCount(Counter) {
|
||
var $visitors = $(".leancloud_visitors");
|
||
var url = $visitors.attr('id').trim();
|
||
var title = $visitors.attr('data-flag-title').trim();
|
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var query = new AV.Query(Counter);
|
||
|
||
query.equalTo("url", url);
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||
query.find({
|
||
success: function(results) {
|
||
if (results.length > 0) {
|
||
var counter = results[0];
|
||
counter.fetchWhenSave(true);
|
||
counter.increment("time");
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||
counter.save(null, {
|
||
success: function(counter) {
|
||
var $element = $(document.getElementById(url));
|
||
$element.find('.leancloud-visitors-count').text(counter.get('time'));
|
||
},
|
||
error: function(counter, error) {
|
||
console.log('Failed to save Visitor num, with error message: ' + error.message);
|
||
}
|
||
});
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} else {
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var newcounter = new Counter();
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/* Set ACL */
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var acl = new AV.ACL();
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acl.setPublicReadAccess(true);
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acl.setPublicWriteAccess(true);
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newcounter.setACL(acl);
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/* End Set ACL */
|
||
newcounter.set("title", title);
|
||
newcounter.set("url", url);
|
||
newcounter.set("time", 1);
|
||
newcounter.save(null, {
|
||
success: function(newcounter) {
|
||
var $element = $(document.getElementById(url));
|
||
$element.find('.leancloud-visitors-count').text(newcounter.get('time'));
|
||
},
|
||
error: function(newcounter, error) {
|
||
console.log('Failed to create');
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
error: function(error) {
|
||
console.log('Error:' + error.code + " " + error.message);
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
$(function() {
|
||
var Counter = AV.Object.extend("Counter");
|
||
if ($('.leancloud_visitors').length == 1) {
|
||
addCount(Counter);
|
||
} else if ($('.post-title-link').length > 1) {
|
||
showTime(Counter);
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
(function(){
|
||
var bp = document.createElement('script');
|
||
var curProtocol = window.location.protocol.split(':')[0];
|
||
if (curProtocol === 'https') {
|
||
bp.src = 'https://zz.bdstatic.com/linksubmit/push.js';
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||
}
|
||
else {
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bp.src = 'http://push.zhanzhang.baidu.com/push.js';
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||
}
|
||
var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
|
||
s.parentNode.insertBefore(bp, s);
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||
})();
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/lib/needsharebutton/needsharebutton.css">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script src="/lib/needsharebutton/needsharebutton.js"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
|
||
pbOptions = {};
|
||
|
||
pbOptions.iconStyle = "box";
|
||
|
||
pbOptions.boxForm = "horizontal";
|
||
|
||
pbOptions.position = "bottomCenter";
|
||
|
||
pbOptions.networks = "Weibo,Wechat,Douban,QQZone,Twitter,Facebook";
|
||
|
||
new needShareButton('#needsharebutton-postbottom', pbOptions);
|
||
|
||
|
||
flOptions = {};
|
||
|
||
flOptions.iconStyle = "box";
|
||
|
||
flOptions.boxForm = "horizontal";
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||
|
||
flOptions.position = "middleRight";
|
||
|
||
flOptions.networks = "Weibo,Wechat,Douban,QQZone,Twitter,Facebook";
|
||
|
||
new needShareButton('#needsharebutton-float', flOptions);
|
||
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/js.cookie.js?v=5.1.4"></script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/scroll-cookie.js?v=5.1.4"></script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|