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2019-03-16
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926 字
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3 分钟
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小米基于 trx 改了个打包解包固件的工具
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<h1 id="小米固件工具mkxqimage"><a href="#小米固件工具mkxqimage" class="headerlink" title="小米固件工具mkxqimage"></a>小米固件工具mkxqimage</h1><p>小米自己改了个打包解包固件的工具，基于 trx 改的（本质上还是 trx 格式），加了 RSA 验证和解包功能，路由系统里自带：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Usage:</span><br><span class="line">mkxqimg [-o outfile] [-p private_key] [-f file] [-f file [-f file [-f file ]]]</span><br><span class="line"> [-x file]</span><br><span class="line"> [-I]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
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<h2 id="固件打包"><a href="#固件打包" class="headerlink" title="固件打包"></a>固件打包</h2><p>小米官方在打包固件时用RSA私钥计算出固件的RSA签名，小米路由器下载固件后用RSA公钥来验证RSA签名，有效地防止固件被篡改。</p>
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<h2 id="固件解包"><a href="#固件解包" class="headerlink" title="固件解包"></a>固件解包</h2><p>固件工具mkxqimage完成对固件的解包，在解包前先检查Checksum是否正确，然后利用RSA公钥/usr/share/xiaoqiang/public.pem检查RSA签名，这两个步骤通过后，根据[0x0C]的固件类型，以及[0x10]、[0x14]、[0x18]和[0x1C]的4个偏移量拆分固件。</p>
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<h2 id="固件更新签名校验"><a href="#固件更新签名校验" class="headerlink" title="固件更新签名校验"></a>固件更新签名校验</h2><p>小米路由器进行固件更新时同样会进行签名校验，文件/usr/share/xiaoqiang/public.pem是它的公钥，用来校验签名正确与否。正因为这样，黑客如果想在不拆机的前提下刷入已植入木马的固件，只有两条路可走，一是通过入侵、社工或破解得到对应的私钥，然后对修改后的固件进行签名再刷入；二是通过漏洞，挖掘新的漏洞或者刷入有漏洞的旧版固件，然后再通过漏洞利用得到root shell进而刷入任意固件。一般来讲，第一条路是很难的，而为了堵住第二条路，可以通过限制降级来实现。</p>
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<p>由此可见，在限制降级的前提下，在固件更新时进行签名校验，能有效地防止路由器被植入木马。</p>
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<h2 id="固件格式"><a href="#固件格式" class="headerlink" title="固件格式"></a><a href="http://www.iptvfans.cn/wiki/index.php/%E5%B0%8F%E7%B1%B3%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%99%A8%E5%9B%BA%E4%BB%B6%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" target="_blank" rel="noopener">固件格式</a></h2><p>路由固件的格式，基本是基于 openwrt 的 trx 这个简单的二进制文件格式<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">48 44 52 30 63 D4 11 03 FE 3D 1A FD 05 00 02 00</span><br><span class="line">20 00 00 00 20 00 FE 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00</span><br><span class="line">FF 04 00 EA 14 F0 9F E5 14 F0 9F E5 14 F0 9F E5</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
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<p>第1～4字节：ASCII字符串“HDR0”，作为固件的标识；<br>第5～8字节：4字节整型数0x0311D464，表示固件的大小：51500132字节；<br>第9~12字节：固件的检查和；<br>第13～14字节：0x0005，表示固件中包含哪些部分；<br>第15～16字节：0x0002，表示固件格式版本号；<br>第17～20字节：0x00000020，表示固件第一部分在整个固件中的偏移量，0.4.85固件的第一部分是brcm4709_nor.bin，也就是Flash中除0xfe0000-0xff0000的board_data外的全镜像；<br>第21～24字节：0x00FE0020，表示固件第二部分在整个固件中的偏移量，0.4.85固件的第二部分是root.ext4.lzma，也就是硬盘中128M固件的压缩包；<br>第33字节开始是固件的正式内容开始。</p>
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<h2 id="小米开启ssh工具包"><a href="#小米开启ssh工具包" class="headerlink" title="小米开启ssh工具包"></a>小米开启ssh工具包</h2><p>使用mkxqimage解包<br>（现在会提示秘钥不存在）<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">error fopen public key</span><br><span class="line">Image verify failed, not formal image</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
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<p>如果能解包应该可以得到脚本文件upsetting.sh</p>
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<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">#!/bin/sh</span><br><span class="line">nvram set ssh_en=1</span><br><span class="line">nvram set flag_init_root_pwd=1</span><br><span class="line">nvram commit</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<p>执行脚本文件upsetting.sh后，将ssh_en设置为1，同时设置了flag_init_root_pwd项。当正式启动时，/usr/sbin/boot_check脚本检测到flag_init_root_pwd=1时，自动修改root用户密码，具体脚本为：<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">flg_init_pwd=`nvram get flag_init_root_pwd`</span><br><span class="line">if [ "$flg_init_pwd" = "1" ]; then</span><br><span class="line"> init_pwd=`mkxqimage -I`</span><br><span class="line"> (echo $init_pwd; sleep 1; echo $init_pwd) | passwd root</span><br><span class="line"> nvram unset flag_init_root_pwd</span><br><span class="line"> nvram commit</span><br><span class="line">fi</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
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<p>初始密码是mkxqimage -I的结果，实际是根据路由器的序列号计算得到。路由器的序列号印在底盖上，12位数字，如：561000088888</p>
|
||
<p>初始密码计算算法为：</p>
|
||
<p><code>substr(md5(SN+"A2E371B0-B34B-48A5-8C40-A7133F3B5D88"), 0, 8)</code></p>
|
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<p><strong><em>A2E371B0-B34B-48A5-8C40-A7133F3B5D88</em></strong> 为分析mkxqimage得到的salt</p>
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}
|
||
});
|
||
} else {
|
||
var newcounter = new Counter();
|
||
/* Set ACL */
|
||
var acl = new AV.ACL();
|
||
acl.setPublicReadAccess(true);
|
||
acl.setPublicWriteAccess(true);
|
||
newcounter.setACL(acl);
|
||
/* End Set ACL */
|
||
newcounter.set("title", title);
|
||
newcounter.set("url", url);
|
||
newcounter.set("time", 1);
|
||
newcounter.save(null, {
|
||
success: function(newcounter) {
|
||
var $element = $(document.getElementById(url));
|
||
$element.find('.leancloud-visitors-count').text(newcounter.get('time'));
|
||
},
|
||
error: function(newcounter, error) {
|
||
console.log('Failed to create');
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
error: function(error) {
|
||
console.log('Error:' + error.code + " " + error.message);
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
$(function() {
|
||
var Counter = AV.Object.extend("Counter");
|
||
if ($('.leancloud_visitors').length == 1) {
|
||
addCount(Counter);
|
||
} else if ($('.post-title-link').length > 1) {
|
||
showTime(Counter);
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
(function(){
|
||
var bp = document.createElement('script');
|
||
var curProtocol = window.location.protocol.split(':')[0];
|
||
if (curProtocol === 'https') {
|
||
bp.src = 'https://zz.bdstatic.com/linksubmit/push.js';
|
||
}
|
||
else {
|
||
bp.src = 'http://push.zhanzhang.baidu.com/push.js';
|
||
}
|
||
var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
|
||
s.parentNode.insertBefore(bp, s);
|
||
})();
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/lib/needsharebutton/needsharebutton.css">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script src="/lib/needsharebutton/needsharebutton.js"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
|
||
pbOptions = {};
|
||
|
||
pbOptions.iconStyle = "box";
|
||
|
||
pbOptions.boxForm = "horizontal";
|
||
|
||
pbOptions.position = "bottomCenter";
|
||
|
||
pbOptions.networks = "Weibo,Wechat,Douban,QQZone,Twitter,Facebook";
|
||
|
||
new needShareButton('#needsharebutton-postbottom', pbOptions);
|
||
|
||
|
||
flOptions = {};
|
||
|
||
flOptions.iconStyle = "box";
|
||
|
||
flOptions.boxForm = "horizontal";
|
||
|
||
flOptions.position = "middleRight";
|
||
|
||
flOptions.networks = "Weibo,Wechat,Douban,QQZone,Twitter,Facebook";
|
||
|
||
new needShareButton('#needsharebutton-float', flOptions);
|
||
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/js.cookie.js?v=5.1.4"></script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/scroll-cookie.js?v=5.1.4"></script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|