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<h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">利用AFL黑盒测试网络协议</h1>
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639 字
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2 分钟
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做对比实验用的小工具，在拿不到固件的情况下，可以用AFL的变异策略尝试fuzz
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</div>
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<p>源码：<a href="https://github.com/Cool-Y/aflnw_blackbox" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/Cool-Y/aflnw_blackbox</a></p>
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<p>AFL是基于变异的模糊测试方法的代表工作，其主要应用于非结构化数据处理程序的漏洞挖掘中。但使用AFL具有比较多的限制：</p>
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<ol>
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<li>本地运行被测程序，从而获取覆盖率等反馈信息</li>
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<li>被测程序从基本输入输出获取数据</li>
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</ol>
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<p>因此无法直接使用AFL对远程服务进行黑盒测试</p>
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<h2 id="现有工作"><a href="#现有工作" class="headerlink" title="现有工作"></a>现有工作</h2><p>目前针对限制2已经有一些解决方案：</p>
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<ol>
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<li>hook socket调用：利用 <code>preeny</code>库辅助；AFLplusplus<ol>
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<li><a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/hac425/p/9416917.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.cnblogs.com/hac425/p/9416917.html</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus/tree/stable/utils/socket_fuzzing" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/AFLplusplus/AFLplusplus/tree/stable/utils/socket_fuzzing</a></li>
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</ol>
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</li>
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<li>修改AFL传递数据的方式：AFLNet: A Greybox Fuzzer for Network Protocols，aflnet在AFL的基础上，将标准输入修改为网络发包的方式<ol>
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<li><a href="https://github.com/aflnet/aflnet" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/aflnet/aflnet</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~abhik/pdf/AFLNet-ICST20.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~abhik/pdf/AFLNet-ICST20.pdf</a></li>
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</ol>
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</li>
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<li>修改网络程序接收数据的方式：bind9的代码中专门提供了用于Fuzz的部分。<ol>
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<li><a href="https://github.com/isc-projects/bind9/tree/main/fuzz" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/isc-projects/bind9/tree/main/fuzz</a></li>
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</ol>
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</li>
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<li>利用AFL Persistent Mode<ol>
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<li><a href="https://www.fastly.com/blog/how-fuzz-server-american-fuzzy-lop" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.fastly.com/blog/how-fuzz-server-american-fuzzy-lop</a></li>
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||
<li><a href="https://sensepost.com/blog/2017/fuzzing-apache-httpd-server-with-american-fuzzy-lop-%2B-persistent-mode/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://sensepost.com/blog/2017/fuzzing-apache-httpd-server-with-american-fuzzy-lop-%2B-persistent-mode/</a></li>
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</ol>
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||
</li>
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||
<li>利用辅助程序转发AFL的输入<ol>
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||
<li><a href="https://github.com/LyleMi/aflnw/blob/main/README.zh-cn.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/LyleMi/aflnw/blob/main/README.zh-cn.md</a></li>
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</ol>
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</li>
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</ol>
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<p>但是如果无法将程序放在本地运行，比如物联网设备在拿不到固件的情况下，如何利用AFL的变异方式进行模糊测试。</p>
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||
<h2 id="黑盒方案"><a href="#黑盒方案" class="headerlink" title="黑盒方案"></a>黑盒方案</h2><p>在aflnw的基础上，对辅助程序的工作方式进行了修改，从而实现在不对AFL和被测程序进行修改的条件下，使用一个辅助程序接收AFL从标准输入传递进来的数据，然后通过网络转发给UPnP服务，辅助程序会间隔性地与UPnP端口建立TCP连接，从而判断测试用例是否导致程序崩溃。<br><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1621510535/ufuzzer/image_33.png" alt></p>
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<h2 id="如何安装"><a href="#如何安装" class="headerlink" title="如何安装"></a>如何安装</h2><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git clone https://github.com/LyleMi/aflnw.gitcd aflnw</span><br><span class="line">export CC=/path/to/afl/afl-clang-fast</span><br><span class="line">mkdir build && cd build && cmake .. && make</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<h2 id="如何使用"><a href="#如何使用" class="headerlink" title="如何使用"></a>如何使用</h2><ol>
|
||
<li>使用wireshark采集种子输入（Follow→TCP Stream，保存为raw文件）<br><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1621510534/ufuzzer/image_35.png" alt></li>
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||
<li>确定通信协议（udp/tcp）、服务端监控地址、服务端监控端口、socket本地绑定地址</li>
|
||
<li>fuzz，以UPnP协议为例<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">afl-fuzz -t 1000+ -i ./soap_input/ -o ./soap_out/ -- ./build/aflnw -a 192.168.2.2 -p 5000 -m tcp</span><br><span class="line">afl-fuzz -t 2000+ -i ./ssdp_input/ -o ./ssdp_out/ -- ./build/aflnw -a 239.255.255.250 -p 1900 -m udp</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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</li>
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||
</ol>
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<p><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1621510535/ufuzzer/image_34.png" alt></p>
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<ol start="4">
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<li>崩溃重放<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">./build/aflnw -a 239.255.255.250 -p 1900 -m udp < soap_out/crashes/id:00000....</span><br><span class="line">./build/aflnw -a 192.168.2.2 -p 5000 -m tcp < ssdp_out/crashes/id:000000.....</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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|
||
success: function(newcounter) {
|
||
var $element = $(document.getElementById(url));
|
||
$element.find('.leancloud-visitors-count').text(newcounter.get('time'));
|
||
},
|
||
error: function(newcounter, error) {
|
||
console.log('Failed to create');
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
error: function(error) {
|
||
console.log('Error:' + error.code + " " + error.message);
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
$(function() {
|
||
var Counter = AV.Object.extend("Counter");
|
||
if ($('.leancloud_visitors').length == 1) {
|
||
addCount(Counter);
|
||
} else if ($('.post-title-link').length > 1) {
|
||
showTime(Counter);
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
(function(){
|
||
var bp = document.createElement('script');
|
||
var curProtocol = window.location.protocol.split(':')[0];
|
||
if (curProtocol === 'https') {
|
||
bp.src = 'https://zz.bdstatic.com/linksubmit/push.js';
|
||
}
|
||
else {
|
||
bp.src = 'http://push.zhanzhang.baidu.com/push.js';
|
||
}
|
||
var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
|
||
s.parentNode.insertBefore(bp, s);
|
||
})();
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/lib/needsharebutton/needsharebutton.css">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script src="/lib/needsharebutton/needsharebutton.js"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
|
||
pbOptions = {};
|
||
|
||
pbOptions.iconStyle = "box";
|
||
|
||
pbOptions.boxForm = "horizontal";
|
||
|
||
pbOptions.position = "bottomCenter";
|
||
|
||
pbOptions.networks = "Weibo,Wechat,Douban,QQZone,Twitter,Facebook";
|
||
|
||
new needShareButton('#needsharebutton-postbottom', pbOptions);
|
||
|
||
|
||
flOptions = {};
|
||
|
||
flOptions.iconStyle = "box";
|
||
|
||
flOptions.boxForm = "horizontal";
|
||
|
||
flOptions.position = "middleRight";
|
||
|
||
flOptions.networks = "Weibo,Wechat,Douban,QQZone,Twitter,Facebook";
|
||
|
||
new needShareButton('#needsharebutton-float', flOptions);
|
||
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/js.cookie.js?v=5.1.4"></script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/scroll-cookie.js?v=5.1.4"></script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|